1. Russian Theater and Anton Chekhov's The Seagull
Naturalist movement is informed by 19th century science particularly by Darwin's biological theories (On the Origin of Species, 1859); Bernard's scientific observations of human psychology; and Taine's deterministic theories of history (Ekambaram, 2012). ... By 1881, naturalism was the main subject in any argument about literature. ... Yet others more careful and accurate in their assessment, saw it as a conscious attempt to apply to literature the discoveries and methods of nineteenth century science, particularly the biological sciences (Innes, Naturalism, 2006). ... This th...
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- Grade Level: Undergraduate