The First Amendment does state: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." ... In the discussion led by Arthur Miller from the Harvard Law School, many university representatives were asked to discuss their views on particular matters regarding the First Amendment. ... Arthur Miller played the Devil's Advocate and asked different members of the panel if they ...

• Word Count: 897
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

School Desegregation Racial discrimination has been highly evident throughout the course of US history. ... Board of Education of Topeka, seventeen states had implemented a segregation law that permitted schools to separate black and white students; these were mainly the Southern states. The trial stated that the segregation of the schools was unconstitutional since it violated the fourteenth amendment of the constitution. ... Society started to accept different races and ethnicities more and the schools started to integrate students in order to unify them. ... The graph indicated that th...

• Word Count: 372
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Board of Education of Topeka, seventeen states had implemented a segregation law that permitted schools to separate black and white students; these were mainly the Southern states. The trial stated that the segregation of the schools was unconstitutional since it violated the fourteenth amendment of the constitution. ... Society started to accept different races and ethnicities more and the schools started to integrate students in order to unify them. ... The graph indicated that the Northern states were more tolerant of school desegregation when compared with the South. ...

• Word Count: 373
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Four justices ruled to admit Bakke and against preferential treatment; and one, to achieve some kind of judicial consensus, upheld Bakke's claim of unfair discrimination and ordered Bakke into the medical school while also upholding affirmative action on the right of universities to seek diversity. ... This landmark affirmative action case challenges racial preferences in student admissions at the University of Michigan Law School. ... It's about restitution. " The CIR represented Grutter in this matter and made the claim that she was harmed...

• Word Count: 1039
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Ironically, society tries to undo our prejudice through education when we enter school. ... Hate crime laws should be passed and enforced. As of 1999, there are 11 states that do not have any kind of hate crime laws in effect. Law enforcement, health services, local authorities, and the judiciary and victim networks are all critical to the provision of effective services and support to victims of hate crime. ...

• Word Count: 847
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Many laws in the 1930s were racist, and allowed many dreadful things to happen. ... Lainer" This shows the law didn't protect harmful acts from being done to black people, at the time of the novel. ... The disgracefully equipped "Great Faith Elementary school" is a school in the book for black students only. ... There was no school bus, so pupils had to walk miles, just to get to school. Along with this, the white school (Jefferson Davis Country school) bus purposely splashed the black students. ...

• Word Count: 824
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

On June 23, a 5-4 decision was made in support of the University of Michigan's law school's right to use race as a factor in admissions, while declaring the points (a.k.a. quota) system unconstitutional. ... As we speak, many high school students across the country have who have applied to universities are being rejected because there are other, less qualified people who are getting accepted because they are minorities. ...

• Word Count: 402
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

Some of these laws included were the Nuremberg Laws and the Dwork laws. ... The Nuremberg Laws were passed on September 15, 1935 (Austin). The laws consisted of three main goals. ... Jewish citizens cannot teach in public schools. Jewish citizens can only teach in Jewish school organizations. ...

• Word Count: 555
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Another problem which was a significant disadvantage was the Jim Crow laws, named after a black character in a programme in that year. ... The other major problem was the schooling under the Jim Crow laws. Although some black people had broken off and started their own schools they soon ran out of funds and were forced to shut. The black students were then forced to attend a white school. ... There were a lot of economical, political and social disadvantages made out by Jim Crow laws. ...

• Word Count: 627
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

One of the positive things is about the Bureau's actions is that they mixed whites and blacks together in school. ... Board of Education decision, and the determination to advance civil rights despite protests" (para.3) President Kennedy had the courage to move forward and mandate blacks and whites going to school together. However, in the article "The Civil Rights Cases" the law state section 1. ... This law was giving all people the right to enjoy the public places together. ... Racial discrimination has been an ongoing issue that is still being dealt with by enforcing t...

• Word Count: 768
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The Jim Crow laws were a big reason why the African Americans moved. These laws legalized discrimination and local segregation. These laws were a way for the whites to control the blacks and maintain a white supremacy in the South. ... My self growing up in Palos Verdes, which was a predominately white area when I was growing up, my high school had only 2 African Americans by the time I graduated. Today while my sisters are attending the school in Palos Verdes they see a more diversity of cultures, including the African Americans. ...

• Word Count: 558
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These laws also protect employees against harassment based specifically on their color. ... The Piscataway Board of Education hired the two teachers and later decided to eliminate one of the jobs in the high school business department. ... The Bush Administration used this case to sue the school district for discrimination. ... Employment Law for Business. ... The Nolo: Law for Everyone's Web site provides information of the laws regarding racial discrimination (http://www.nolo.com). ...

• Word Count: 1071
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

Virginia case, where the Supreme Court bans states from having laws that now colored people can sit next to a white person and they not have to sit in the back. ... This trial was on segregations of schools now whites and blacks ca study in the same schools and the colored people would be able to study peacefully, without getting bullied. ... • In 1930 a successful protests by the NAACP against Supreme Court justice nominees is launched against John Parker, who officially favored laws that discriminated against African Americans. ... Virginia case, where the Supreme Court bans ...

• Word Count: 1145
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

The whole book revolves around her experiences as she integrated in to the all white school central high. ... The governor even went to the length of using the National Guard to keep the school segregated. The Rule of Law was being directed on what was wrong and right by the white majority that it is why it took two years to integrate central high. ... I also found it very ironic that Melba and her mother were both they first black women to attend segregated schools in Arkansas. Melba Pattillo was fifteen when she began her junior year at Central High School. ...

• Word Count: 555
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Smith Advanced English II: Social Criticism Essay September 18, 2003 Affirmative Action The fourteenth amendment to the constitution guarantees equal rights to all people regardless of things such as our gender, religion, age, or race; how, then, is it lawful for colleges to determine who may attend their school based on skin color? ... In addition to GPA and achievement tests, students can score points for things like being a resident of the state in which the college is located, being related to an alumni of that school, having won a competition, or being a scholarship athlete. ... La...

• Word Count: 621
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

There was a white George Town law school student who reported that black students are not as qualified as white students. ... Universities and school's are on edge making no mistakes dealing with racism, companies and small businesses are protecting against it, the general public is in favor of the equal rights movement and society ensures the idea of equal rights protects all citizens living in the United States. ... Since society has passed laws that condemn any type of racism, the only other possible answer to African American failure is white racism. ...

• Word Count: 568
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Schools need to make know what kind of activities and conversations these groups plan. For example and Harvard law school, Austin Bramwell states that the Black Law Student Association quiets black students instead of help them speak out. ... This could cause student to feel as if other race groups in the school are superior to blacks. ... Schools need to be on alert before problems like these before they get out of control. ... Students must first receive approval from their school to talk about specific subjects on the campus. ...

• Word Count: 1187
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

They were made to go to different schools and churches. ... Now we have laws against racism in America and people wouldn't even get away with serving a person last because of their skin color. Although these laws stand some people still have a racist attitude, laws cannot control this. ... Not just with laws but with attitudes. ...

• Word Count: 513
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

At the age of 19 he was sent to England to study law. After returning to India, he tried to set up his own law practice but soon joined an Indian law firm in South Africa. For 20 years, Gandhi fought laws that discriminated against Indians in South Africa. ... At the age of 16 he went to England was educated at the Harrow School and studied law at the school of University of Cambridge. Returning to India in 1912, he practiced law for some years and in 1919, he joined the Indian National Congress, the principal nationalist organization of India. ...

• Word Count: 1066
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

He attended school briefly, but mainly worked as a young boy. ... Washington started the school in a shanty owned by a black church and then purchased a plantation with funds loaned by the Hampton Institute. ... To raise money for the institute, Washington went on speaking tours publicizing the school where he would soon become an influential public figure. ... Baldwin also served on the school's board. ... Laws were passed to keep them from voting and socially mixing with whites. ...

• Word Count: 620
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

When Scout and Jim are shown at school, there are no black children playing in the schoolyard or attending school. Back then, schools were segregated; white children and black children did not attend school together! ... There were schools for black children, but they were very few and quite distant making it almost impossible to attend. ... During this time, law enforcement investigative techniques were neither as sophisticated nor as available to all police or sheriff's offices. ...

• Word Count: 594
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

In the conversation in the Gridlestone's house, Gridlestone warned Jasper: "And remember that white man make the law in this country," "I have always treated the colored well, but I remember that my father, who own a thousand slave had callouses on his hand, from and he show me that was the only way to keep 'em in line'.... Alma tried to make a relationship between Sylvia and her brother-in-law, a gamble and criminal guy. ... Vivian which began when she came to the north to raise money for the school, Piney Woods School, which was for black children. ... In con...

• Word Count: 1135
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

It is meant to provide equal protection to all persons under the law and to fairly administer the law. ... The courts use acumen to interpret the law and declare who has broken it. ... Michael Tonry, a professor of law and public policy at the University of Minnesota Law School wrote the article "The Social, Psychological, and Political Causes of Racial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System." ... The government equivocates the law to favor White Americans. ... Remember, they will not change the law if they do not believe that there is any flaw within it....

• Word Count: 1223
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Descending from a family of free African-American abolitionists, she was not the only member of her family in being a pioneer, also her nephew, Alfred Schmitz Shadd, was one of the first black teacher "among the 433 teachers employed in the territories' 366 school" (A. ... Similarly, Mary Ann Shadd is an African-American woman who had to emigrate to Canada because of the plight of blacks after the Fugitive Slave Law; becoming a Black-Canadian woman. ... " (Sugars and Moss 2) That's why, she was the main tool of eradication of racial prejudices in Canada West opening t...

• Word Count: 716
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It's language is explicit: "No State shall... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." ... Under the affirmative action law, our schools are currently recruiting students according to race and color. ... (Rosen, p.3) In effect, the solution by supporters of affirmative action is to lower the school's standards so that they can accept a more diverse group of students. ... An Asian student coming out of high school with a 4.0 GPA, and a list of extra curricular activities would not be accepted simply because of his ethnicity. Ins...

• Word Count: 1239
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School