During the time of the Jim Crow era, the Italian physician and criminologist Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) began to identify patterns of criminality based on the physical appearances of individuals. ... Racial profiling forces individuals that have done no wrong to endure the burdens of the law and legal system to prove that they are innocent. ...
I. INTRODUCTION During the past century, the english-speaking legal world has experienced real and considerable change in the areas of criminal law and criminal sentencing procedures. These ever-changing systems of legal processes, rules, and theories are typically reflective of the society's ...