Continuity and Change across the Early Middle Ages, Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance is defined by several aspects. ... One change is that a successful hereditary oligarchy ruled part of Italy gradually dominated feudalism in northern Italy. ... Central Italy remained a papal state. ... The system of feudalism still remained but only in Southern Italy, whereas Northern Italy adapted into independent city-states of signori and Central Italy was under the rule of the pope. ... The Renaissance characterizes the most drastic governmental change. ...

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Before the Renaissance, the literacy rate had been as low as five to ten percent for males. ... But during the Renaissance, the literacy rate rose starting with children all they way through grown adults. ... This phase of the Renaissance was stronger in more Italy then other countries, because Italy produced a greater volume or are than any other place did. "The newly rising Italian families were eager to surround themselves with courtly, late chivalric art." ... The Renaissance was a period during which many people began to think and act in different ways. ...

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Similar to the Renaissance Era, Baroque was the age of reason. ... During the Renaissance era polyphonic music was popular, but during the Baroque era it changed to homophonic. ... At this time musicians were called Camerata, which meant salon in Italian. ... The Baroque Era caused opera to rise in different places such as, Italy, France and England. ...

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 The Baroque style was popular in Germany, Italy, and France from 1600 to around 1750. ... It developed from the Renaissance styles of France and Italy, making its first appearance in Rome around 1600. ... At first the architects came from Italy, but soon native architects came to dominate the field. ... In literature the Baroque style is characterized by extravagance in imagination, and extensive use of metaphor, with the Italian, Torquato Tasso being a name still known today. ... The Baroque had a big impact on painting in Italy, the Low Countries, France, England, and Spai...

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The principal is known as the Carolingian Renaissance, supposed to perceive the blossoming of adapting under the rule of Charlemagne (ruled 768 "814). ... It was in this environment at Avignon that Petrarch (1304 "1374), the father of Italian humanism, initially looked into and advanced established learning. ... The recovery of Greek learning was supported by becoming contact between the Greek and Latin holy places at the Council of Ferrara-Florence in 1438 "1445 furthermore by the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453, after which Greek émigrés escaping the ...

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In the late sixteenth century and early seventeenth century the Baroque style of music started in Italy. Italy, where the renaissance started, was able to create a new type of music rich in feeling, but less intricate than much of the previous renaissance music that was centered towards the north (France and the area now occupied by the Netherlands). ... These composers included the Italian composers Alessandro Scarlatti, Arcangelo Corelli Domenico Scarlatti, and Antonio Vivaldi; the German composers Heinrich Schutz and Dietrich Buxtehude; the Italian-Frenchman Jean Baptiste Lully; the English...

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Italian Renaissance writers originally used the word gothic as a derogatory term for all architects and artists in the middle ages, which were compared to the works of the barbarian Goths. ... While the west spires were the work of Hans of Cologne, and later during the Renaissance, sculptor Diego! ... This popular form of decoration continued to cover surfaces from Gothic in to Spanish Renaissance architecture. ... Few Italian architects accepted the new Northern Gothic Style north of the Alps. ... In comparison to the virgin soil of England, Italy had earlier civilizations upon it- Et...

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Our first destination was Rome (Italy). Italy is situated in Europe and attached in the north to the European mainland. ... The Italians seemed like very friendly people. ... On our way to Paris, we learned (from the announcements made on the train) that France is the land of mysterious prehistoric caves and Celtic monoliths, Roman ruins, medieval fortresses and Renaissance castles. ... It seemed to me that the Italians were much more friendlier and pleasant to talk to. ...

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Gothic Art Gothic Art is the style of art produced in Europe from the middle ages up to the beginning of the Renaissance. ... In the late 14th century, anticipating the Renaissance, Gothic Art evolved toward a more secular style known as International Gothic. Although superseded by Renaissance art, there was a Gothic Revival in the 18th and 19th centuries, which was largely rooted in nostalgia. ... One of Giotto's best known works is Christ Entering Jerusalem 1304-1306 Fresco.Capella degli Scrovegni, Padua, It...

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When one feels tied up with his or her life, it is good to decide to take a break and travel abroad. I will not say that this is what I always do when I am feeling stressed out but it surely serves as a time for relaxation and above all, a truly enriching cultural experience. My first vacation ...

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Many people in his kingdom were scholars from Spain and Italy who taught music and poetry. ... From 1400-1492 was called the Renaissance which means rebirth. ... Many of these artists came from Italy. ...

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The renaissance period and decline of feudalism led to the centralization of power where power leader's controlled larger territories as compared to feudal societies which were more decentralized. Power of the church receded during renaissance period. ... The two world wars WWI and the WWII were the consequences of this heightened wave of nationalistic ideas in Germany, Italy and the rest of the European nations. ...

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VOCABULARY Archaeology: the scientific study of ancient people and cultures principally revealed through excavation. Cromlech: a circle of megaliths. Henge: a Neolithic monument, characterized by a circular ground plan. Used for rituals and marking astronomical events. Megalith: a stone of great size used in the construction of a prehistoric structure. ...

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In 12th-century Europe secular history writing emerged, shown in the work of Geoffroi de Villehardouin, and the chronicles of Jean, sire de Joinville, Jean Froissart, and Philippe de Comines in successive centuries. 8 Renaissance Historiography The humanism of the Renaissance revolutionized historiography, for it placed emphasis on textual criticism and on a critical attitude toward documents and sources. ...

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By the Renaissance period, the cartoons were very sophisticated, drawn or painted in great detail with specific instruction to the weaver about colors and tones to be used. ... A skilled weaver took two months to complete just one square foot, working with English or Picardy wool, Italian silk, and silver and gold thread. ...

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• Grade Level: High School