"It existed before the beginning of Christianity and Islam. ... Female circumcision occurs among Muslims, Christians, and Islam's, although no religion requires it. ... The sources of the Islamic faith are found in the Qur"an (Muslim scripture), the Hadith (teachings of the Prophet Mohammed), the consensus of the entire Islamic community, and the ijihad (Islamic interpretations of Islamic law). ... In addition to the Islamic religion, other African religious groups practice female circumcision. ... Rejecting the argument that the practice is promoted by Islam, the court reasoned, "C...

• Word Count: 2909
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mustafa, Muslim resident of Djibouti The passage above describes a typical procedure known as female genital mutilation (FGM) or female circumcision (FC). ... Today, many people identify the practice of FGM/FC with the Islamic religion, and this is construed as a motive for these acts. However, neither the Qu'ran nor the hadith, two of the most important writing collections in the Islamic religion, make an order for the practice of FGM/FC. ... So, it is safe to say that FGM/FC is widely practiced among the Muslims in Sudan, as well as Muslims throughout Africa, but these types of ...

• Word Count: 2538
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Mustafa, Muslim resident of Djibouti The passage above describes a typical procedure known as female genital mutilation (FGM) or female circumcision (FC). ... Today, many people identify the practice of FGM/FC with the Islamic religion, and this is construed as a motive for these acts. However, neither the Qu'ran nor the hadith, two of the most important writing collections in the Islamic religion, make an order for the practice of FGM/FC. ... So, it is safe to say that FGM/FC is widely practiced among the Muslims in Sudan, as well as Muslims throughout Africa, but these types of ...

• Word Count: 2538
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Conquests, colonization, the slave trade, Arabic and European cultural elements, Islam and Christianity and recently the spread of consumerist society have all transformed Africa for more than 500 years. ... Revolutionaries after WW2 fighting for independence from colonial power branded the old colonial military forces during WW2 as traitors (africasacountry.com) POLOCIES/LEADERSHIP/INFLUENCE Muslims had the overall influence and political rule due to Mohammed's death in Africa before any European countries' officially settled. ...

• Word Count: 3051
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

Abstract Beliefs in conspiracy theories are widespread throughout the world, in every culture and community. They range from a world take over by secret societies to rigged Olympic games. Many are short lived, however, others seem to become self-perpetuating animals preying particularly on the Black community. The most common theories are that which circle HIV/AIDS. These theories have a devastating impact that effects the African American and Black South African population. ...

• Word Count: 9660
• Approx Pages: 39
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Chapter One ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF CASTE It seems necessary at the outset to point out the specific features of the caste system, in order more clearly to bring out the difference in social structure which has always existed between Europe and Africa. The originality of the system resides in the fact that the dynamic elements of society, whose discontent might have engendered revolution, are really satisfied with their social condition and do not seek to change it: a man of so- called "inferior caste" would categorically refuse to enter a so- called "superior" one....

• Word Count: 5359
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate