His territorial conquests allowed for the establishment of trade routes across great distances. This merger of lands permitted the Mongol empire to become an agent for the exchange of ideas and goods on an international scale. ... His first step towards international trade was to allow citizens of non-Mongol areas to live in the city of Khanbalik, the capital of the Mongol empire. ... This was done to increase interest in profits from international trade. 11 Eventually, Khanbalik was host to merchants from several other far away countries, such as Italy, India, and North Africa.12 What is mor...

• Word Count: 1293
• Approx Pages: 5

During the 1990s, literature on the international political economy was dominated by the idea of globalization. ... In the international realm, such thinking is most obvious in liberal views concerning free trade (though many liberals would take a slightly more ambiguous view than the neoliberal one set out here). ... Allowing free trade sends price signals that encourage people to work at what they are best at, a strategy that benefits everyone over the long term. ... It is necessary to understand that advances in transport and communications technology do not always lead to greater trade or...

• Word Count: 7309
• Approx Pages: 29
• Grade Level: Graduate

Free trade between countries develop the economy. Lowering trading barriers and being able to trade with different countries increase the likelihood of internationalism. ... Many countries like Canada, or the US embraced free trade and benefited tremendously. ... Also, in an international sport like the olympics, the host country will have great economic benefits because of attracting foreign investment. Also tourism generated by this event also boosts the economy and an international organization like the red cross promotes humanitarianism. ...

• Word Count: 711
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 2001, international beer sales volume increased by 42% and reached a level of 2.5 million hectoliters. ... Including the export volumes, international beer sales volumes of the branded products represented close to 40% of the total beer sales volume at the end of 2002. ... For overseas brewing projects, the company established a holding company in Holland, called Efes Breweries International. ... The company's approach to international trade is even reflected in its hiring process. ...

• Word Count: 461
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When either international or local markets falter or fail socioeconomic progress in the area will be stunted or even recede. ... Free trade in-between not only governments but also individuals on separate continents has created new markets and money. ... The growth of market economies, world trade and the WTO, globalization and worldwide networks followed the rise of freely elected governments promoting market economies. ... And 54 of the 176 countries monitored by the IMF (International Monetary Fund) in 1999 had a per capita GDP of less than two dollars a day, but it is rising. ...

• Word Count: 438
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As simple as the idea can appear, containerization transformed global trade and we can consider that, in 1966, ten years after its creation, the concept has been internationally adopted. ... Indeed, from an old way of trading merchandise with slow process, we have turned into a modern and efficient way of trading wares. ... The arrival of containers enabled transcontinental and transoceanic exchanges via intermodal hubs while decreasing freight costs, which consequently boosted international trade. ... Though transport and communication means are essential to international trade, they are not ...

• Word Count: 1245
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

People argue that international laws and institutions result in the decline of sovereignty. ... Today, sovereignty is declining because of international laws and institutions. ... With the growth of trade and the manufacturing classes, and the introduction of royal taxes, power of the Western Europe became increasingly centralized in the monarchies (Britannica, p. 381). ... However, today the practical effects of international law have changed. ... On the other hand, when we talk about the effects of international law on sovereignty, we must also consider the international institutions, ...

• Word Count: 2410
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To completely understand the detrimental possibilities of Foot and Mouth Disease on various economic states one must consider its consequences on the demand and supply of products affected, the industries that are and possibly will be affected, international trade and the various side effects that will ripple through the economy on a global level. ... Indeed, before we concentrate on the smaller by-products of the bovine species let us observe the trading of cows themselves. ...

• Word Count: 2361
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Under international law, the occupying powers were responsible for preventing starvation, disease and internal uprisings that could be a danger to the occupying forces. ... Shortly afterwards, a number of international conferences were held. ... "The report stated that the reconstruction of Europe should be achieved through the following measures: - increase in production, especially in agriculture and the energy industry; - improvement in the transport system; - modernization of industrial equipment; - creation of sound currencies and national budgets; - expansion of trade and increas...

• Word Count: 1711
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Everything involves business, trade and marketing at a very high level. ... And trade is being affected between countries that favor war and the ones that do not. This possible war might create divisions in the international community and mass protests against U.S.... U.S. currency along with stocks has weakened for most of 2003; but with this war delay, some international investors are choosing to put funds back in the U.S. ...

• Word Count: 448
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

However, the falling value of the dollar, taken in the context of the United State's trade deficit makes perfect sense, and follows the economic theory." ... This change in price due to exchange rates makes American products more competitive with other international products in the international arena, closing the current account deficit. ... In other words the American trade deficit is the only thing keeping the world out of a depression. ... It turns out that the trade deficit with China is linked to the fall of the dollar. That fall, a stated policy goal of the Bush administratio...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For example, the long term tendency towards freer trade, electronic commerce and the seemingly uncontrollable power of deregulated capital markets do much to enhance the power of markets and create a sense of the economic irrelevance of national borders. ... Some kind of 'cost benefit analysis' is not so easy when globalisation is perhaps the most over used and under specified concept in the international policy sciences since the passing of the 'Cold War'. ... Globalisation must not be seen as a homogeneous or totalising process but one in which economic, socio-political...

• Word Count: 9082
• Approx Pages: 36
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Globalization has shifted the world's focus from aggressiveness, isolation, and confrontation to free trade, democracy, and capitalism; what used to be "opponents- during the Cold War are now considered "global business partners- in the world economy. ... A country's policies and behavior must appeal to the international community, and war discourages this community from writing useful investment checks. Potential wartime governments have two options from which they can decide: either fight wars and risk losing international support, or make peace with adversaries and keep cash flo...

• Word Count: 1058
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many see globalization as a primarily economic phenomenon, involving the increasingly integration of national economic systems through the growth in international trade, investment and capital flows. ... Terrorists terrifying people like in September 11 attack against World Trade Center can also make people lose money in form of global falling in stock exchange and so on. ... In political terms globalization can be signified by the big international and regional mechanisms of government. The United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) are two evident examples of international organizations...

• Word Count: 809
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

The importance of a sound and fair institutional environment has become all the more apparent during the recent economic and financial crisis and is especially crucial for further solidifying the fragile recovery, given the increasing role played by the state at the international level and for the economies of many countries. ...

• Word Count: 4162
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

"International trade and investment flows will grow, spurring rapid increases in world GDP. Opposition to further trade liberalization from special interest groups and some governments will not erode the basic trend toward expansion of trade." ... As globalization takes full effect, East Asian states will "broadly accommodate international norms on free flow of information to modernize their economies, open markets, and fight international crime and disease." ...

• Word Count: 1732
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The spread of the Industrial Revolution was fast and brought wealth to England and Europe with the "World Trade System" and later to the rest of the world. ... International trade system based on England in the 1700s exporting arms, alcohol, iron tools, and colonial goods to Africa and Europe. ... The Triangular Trade was an exchange of slaves, cash crops and manufactured goods between West Africa, the Caribbean or American colonies that were ruled by European powers. ... During the European colonization there were a lot of raw materials that needed to be exploited specially in the ...

• Word Count: 585
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Diplomacy as the political process by which political entities, generally states, conduct official relations with one another within the international environment, performs distinct functions in foreign policy that makes it indispensable to international society. ... While new diplomacy saw parliamentary diplomacy being practiced in international organizations. ... With the increased complexity of international relations, diplomacy is facing strains from many sources, bringing up the question of whether it is declining, and therefore dispensable to the international community. ... Increase...

• Word Count: 1423
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

The origins of the transatlantic slave trade can be traced back to Portugal in the mid-15th Century. ... By the 1500's the monarch was earning over 2 million reis from the slave trade through taxation alone5 and so by royal decree the first major factor that changed the face of the slave trade and the global economy was implemented. ... France experienced many problems limiting it from taking full advantage of the transatlantic slave trade, between the 16th and 18th centuries there were numerous conflicts both on international and domestic scales in the colonising countries. ... The tran...

• Word Count: 2679
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Christine Lagarde, the finance minister of France, is set to begin her five-year term as the International Monetary Fund's managing director and chairman next month after defeating Mexican Central Bank chief Agustin Carstens. ... Currently, the IMF controls monetary cooperation and exchange rate stability, as well as facilitating international trade and promoting economic growth (Rooney). ...

• Word Count: 519
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Globalization is defined as a process that, based on international strategies, aims to expand business operations on a worldwide level, and was precipitated by the facilitation of global communications due to technological advancements, and socioeconomic, political and environmental developments [Nic12]. ... Trade and foreign exchange started to be liberalized in the Caribbean in the early 1990's. ... The biggest reason for the decline would have to be because of regional and international organizations (Ahmed). ... As the rest of the world continues to become more advanced in their techn...

• Word Count: 1705
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Due to the considerable number of countries in Europe using their own monetary units, problems arose in trading between countries as well as discrepancies in exchange rates between the various forms of money. ... These people feel this way because a large part of the industry and trade will take place under the currency of the Euro. ... The introduction of this new international currency has become the subject of endless debate about the possible effects it is going to have on the economy of the United States. ... A minority however tends to believe that the Euro eventually will replace the...

• Word Count: 2804
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

Bismarck's influence upon German domestic affairs was no less obvious than his international importance. ... The detente with the liberals foundered in the late 1870s after Bismarck's rejection to appoint three liberals to his office and his agreement of protective tariffs in place of the liberals' free trade position. ... Bismarck negotiated the exceptional Austria-Hungary alliance of 1879 which was "the first formal alliance between two Great Powers concluded in peace-time since the outbreak of the French revolution and the end of the ancien régime set a rigid pattern ...

• Word Count: 765
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They did this by hijacking airliners filled with fuel and used them as bombs to destroy the World Trade Center in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., and at least one more target in the United States that is unidentified because one plane did not strike its target. ... The FBI, CIA, Interpol, and the international community are working together to identify and find terrorists living either alone or in cells around the world. ... Counter terrorism will be a world issue until terrorism is no longer a threat to the international community....

• Word Count: 769
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

However, those engaged in non-luxury crafts in cities involved in long-distance trade might fall foul of merchant-entrepreneurs. ... Fraternities of craftsman was the reason why economic growth through this commerce/trade allowed greater organisation and overseeing of all aspects of communal craft life. ... Cities also changed in size and structure, the reason for this was due to an improvement in trade, the economy, technology, whilst religion helped shaped and developed science and education. ... For example capital cities started to develop (with a centralised government and administrative ...

• Word Count: 1967
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate