An international committee was established to develop' central Africa. The African International Association(A.I.A) was set up. ... The British blamed Portuguese indifference for the continuing slave trade. ... To combat the slave trade Belgium required an extension of missionary influence. ... Civilisation not as an abstract concept but as a reality represented by free trade, postal union and the abolishment of the slave trade. ...

• Word Count: 2347
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

For example, they may have achieved macroeconomic stability but not social stability; or they may have lowered trade barriers but not built the basic infrastructure necessary for international trade; some have done none of these things. ... Korea, for example, progressed from borrowing from the International Development Association (IDA), to borrowing from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). ...

• Word Count: 1946
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

Human trafficking is "all acts involved in the recruitment, abduction, transport, harboring, transfer, sale or receipt of persons, within national or across international borders, through force, coercion, fraud or deception."... The pattern of the trade of humans is usually from developing (third world countries) to developed countries ( first world countries). With approximately 20.9 million victims globally and over 800,000 being trafficked internationally yearly, it is an ever expanding problem. ... Countries in this tier are subject to potential non-humanitarian and non-trade sanctions. .....

• Word Count: 2490
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As the international fund for Animal Welfare points out, "Over the past two decades, the number of African lions has declined by at least 48.5 percent as a result of over-exploitations by recreational trophy hunting and commercial trade, loss of habitat and prey species, retaliatory killings, disease and other human-caused and natural factors" (www.ifaw.org). One of the reasons is that African nations have been trading lions of their parts for trophies of for recreational purposes. ... According to Braun, "from 1998 through 2008, at least 7,445 wild lions were traded internation...

• Word Count: 1416
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These groups were successful in their goals, as the United States plus virtually every other major trade power employed trade sanctions on South Africa. ... Not only was South Africa affected economically, but it was thrown from major international sports competitions as well. ... Although international reactions played important parts in the end of these cruelties, student oriented organizations were one of the earliest and largest groups that spoke out about the apartheid system. ... This sudden increase in the South African economy is because of the lifting of the international sanctions an...

• Word Count: 1892
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Tourism is commonly associated with international travel, but may also refer to travel to another place within the same country. ... According to Mpofu (2009), some international companies have taken advantage of globalization to seek for new opportunities to grow their enterprises, reap the benefits of the economies of scale, increase their market share, suppress competition, and achieve global dominance. With the help of world organizations that have further liberalized global trade through the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) it has been extremely easy for Multinational Corpora...

• Word Count: 1995
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Globalization is defined as a process that, based on international strategies, aims to expand business operations on a worldwide level, and was precipitated by the facilitation of global communications due to technological advancements, and socioeconomic, political and environmental developments [Nic12]. ... Trade and foreign exchange started to be liberalized in the Caribbean in the early 1990's. ... The biggest reason for the decline would have to be because of regional and international organizations (Ahmed). ... As the rest of the world continues to become more advanced in their techn...

• Word Count: 1705
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Between 500 and 800 A.D. they shifted to a sea-based trading economy and began to migrate south by ship. In the following centuries, trade in goods from the African interior, such as gold, ivory, and slaves stimulated the development of market towns such as Mogadishu, Shanga, Kilwa, and Mombasa. By around the 9th century A.D., Africans, Arabs, and Persians who lived and traded on the coast had developed a lingua franca, Swahili, or Kiswahili, a language based on the Bantu language Sabaki that uses Arab and Persian loan words. ... The colonial powers began to control trade in the interior, bypa...

• Word Count: 1298
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Before the trans-Atlantic slave trade, no race was considered superior to others. ... The slave trade grew along with the spreading racist view of black Africans. ... "Christian-Muslim conflict, international commerce, sugar and New World incursion were foremost in creating circumstances whereby the African emerged as the principal source of servile labor, laying the foundations of the modern world. " (Gomez 2005, 59) It was common for a mother and daughter, working in a yam field near by their home, to be taken by their captives, their family never seeing them again. ... The triangular trade...

• Word Count: 1892
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

A colony is a settlement in one land supported by another land, and imperialism is the practice of building empires to support trade. The barbarous "triangle trade" began shortly after Europeans began exploring the west coast of Africa. Ships leaving Europe first stopped in Africa where they traded weapons, ammunition, metal, liquor, and cloth for captives taken in wars or raids. ... The Europeans explored the interior of Africa to expand trade. ... His writings told the world about the slave trade, which Livingstone called "the open sore of Africa." ...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

Moyo argues, "The benefits from trade are for the most part are beneficial to nations" (Moyo, 2009). Free trade is beneficial to the aggregate GDP of a nation but does not necessarily translate to growth per capita income. Most developing countries are specialized in agriculture and cannot trade freely mainly due to protectionist schemes and subsidy programs. The west and china have huge agriculture subsidy programs, when they could trade with African countries that have a comparative advantage in agriculture. ... It is better to work with national governments on how to spur growth r...

• Word Count: 1763
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Banks and speculators can be seen as causes from both national and international levels – national when speculators buy or sell futures and international when banks and speculators from other countries buy and sell futures. ... On the international stage, there have been many international initiatives, with the G20, under French leadership, setting the pace. ... For example, the ICTSD (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development), has just performed an analytical review on food price volatility by Stefan Tangermann from Gottingen University. ... From this research alone, ...

• Word Count: 1695
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

For example, hunters from Kenya travel into central Africa to kill their animals to use for making good and illegal selling and or trade. It is not getting any better and they are making more rules to resume selling ivory: Recent changes to the ivory ban, known as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), have allowed southern African nations, where elephants are more abundant, to resume selling ivory. ... China participates in fueling the illegal trade in Africa. ... Although Buzhong was captured and sentenced, Mafia styled gangs still hold power and control the mas...

• Word Count: 1351
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

Meanwhile, people in African still suffer the unfair trade labor. ... Guy-Andre Kieffer "had become one of the country's leading experts in primary commodities, and he specialized in the cocoa and coffee trade But his curiosity had led him deeper and deeper into the shadows of the cocoa industry and into a dark underworld occupied by the clique whose member dominate the filiere. ... The disappearance of French national, well known to the international media, possibly kidnapped on order from highest offices in the government of Cote d'Ivoire "(217). Many others also risk their lives t...

• Word Count: 2438
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The structural adjustment programs from the IMF (international monetary fund) and the world bank and they were also known as SAP's. ... When they shut down servers for computers twitter was still able to be used on cell phones to spread the word. 31: China's Role in Africa China's emphasis in Africa is on trade and investment not on foreign aid. ...

• Word Count: 1660
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

In 1471, the Portuguese first arrived in the area where it is known as the Gold Coast today, and at the beginning they were more interested in trading for gold, ivory and pepper. Later, as the Europeans found slave trade more profitable, it became the principal export of this area. ... There is little transportation between the region that is not under colonial development and the coastal trading centers. ... Only twenty percent of the funds was allocated to agriculture, natural resources, industry and trade, and the remaining eighty percent was designated as social services and infrastructure...

• Word Count: 1713
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Authors suggest that "reparations should take the form of capital transfers and African status in the International Monetary Fund" (Mazrui, 22). ... Some of African descent were never taken into slavery, nor were oppressed by whites, even if one believed they are deserved of reparations, it would be impossible for an international body to distinguish or properly disburse the requite among Africans of diverse backgrounds. ... It is equally unworkable to decide whether or not they too were victims of the slave trade, the arguments either way would be morally severe for are they responsible for...

• Word Count: 1457
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As the effects of the Berlin Conference which establish the rules of the partition game became clear, those areas of Africa which had previously been developing significant trade and economies of their own were brought under the control of European economic policies. ... Prior to partition, the European powers had to contend with the varying moods of African governments that, although dependent on international trade, still exercised significant control over their economic development. ... This battle over evaluating highlights the difficulties confronted by poor nations in an undeniably worl...

• Word Count: 2178
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Despite the 1977 ban on all trade in rhino horn, black rhino numbers decreased from approximately 5,000 in 1970 to 2400 in 1995, and the species remains listed as critically endangered. ... The Worldwide Fund for Nature has been relocating rare black rhino to areas in South Africa where the animals will hopefully breed says Jacques Flamand, an internationally respected wildlife veterinarian and the head of the World Wildlife Fund's Black Rhino Range Expansion Project. ...

• Word Count: 1417
• Approx Pages: 6

The experience of the trans-Atlantic slave trade took the enslaved away from their roots. ... She cites as examples of international diversity, the Yoruba influence in Trinidad and the Cuban Santeria set against the Ki-Kogo language of Jamaican Kumina. ...

• Word Count: 2280
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate