There are clearly four crucial and distinct functions activated macrophages can perform. ... Inflammation is the innate first line of defense; it is mainly initiated by resident macrophages. ... Each cytokine carries a distinct function. ... Also, IL-6 is released by macrophages, it acts together with IL-1 and TNF-ά to induce essential inflammatory responses such as fever, and stimulate the liver to initiate the "acute phase response" which results in the raise of "C-reactive protein" (CRP). ... This is the antigen presentation (AP) function of macrophages. ...

• Word Count: 1388
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To function well, it requires balance and harmony. Your only first line of defence is to choose a healthy lifestyle. ... Nutrients such as Zinc, Vitamins A, C, D and E should be consumed regularly to reduce the chances of getting Tuberculosis. ...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(The Stages of HIV Infection, 2014) HIV has the same function of a normal virus. ... The HIV envelope is the outer surface of the virus, which has a similar function to a cellular membrane of an animal cell. ... (The Stages of HIV Infection, 2014) A child is more inclined to get infected with HIV if the mother is in a more advanced stage of the infection or is diagnosed with AIDS, if the mother has a lower CD4 count, if the water of the mother breaks 4 hours prior to delivery, if she has a normal birth as opposed to a C-section, if she has any type of STD, if she uses unregulated drugs, and if...

• Word Count: 1961
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography