Bodin's theory emphasized that in France, for example, someone had to weird enough power to maintain public order, or the nation would continue to tear itself apart in religious civil wars until there were no pieces left that were big enough to tear apart. ... He wrote immediately after the civil wars in England in the 1640s, conflicts that partially stemmed from religious fanaticism. ... Book received little attention during his lifetime, but ultimately became his most famous work. ... During the next 37 years, six tsars ruled Russia: three women, a boy of 12, an infant, and a ment...

• Word Count: 1362
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Looming not too distantly on the horizon was the juggernaut of World War II. ... One characteristic that marked the 1940s was the overwhelming rise in entertainment and the arts during that era. ... It was the beginning of another "red scare- in the nation: fears of communism, which had been on the rise ever since the stock market crash that set off the Great Depression, sparked accusations that artists, writers, actors and learned people were communists. ... Meanwhile, back home, women experienced a revolution of their own "with husbands and sons off in battle, females had access to jobs...

• Word Count: 1320
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Napoleon used the people's money for war instead of what they needed. "Instead of using most of the nearly six hundred million francs of the annual national budget in the reconstruction of a devastated land by rebuilding the tens of thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed during the Revolution, repairing canals and highways, or building badly needed schools and hospitals, Napoleon used most of the national budget to pay for the expenses of war"1. ... The other areas only received the problems of war, conscription and heavy taxation. ... Church unity and status were reestablished...

• Word Count: 1579
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Abstract In this paper I will attempt to show how Nazism came to power in the events before and during their time. ... Germany's surrender after the war was devastating to the German people who thought they were winning. ... (Lecture) The mere thought of losing the war, losing territory and the idea of paying off your rivals after you think you are going to win, will psychologically sap a people. ... A lot of these officials who were positioned in the judicial and civil service departments and were not to keen on the new government themselves. Even though the government had negotiated to...

• Word Count: 1653
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

To what extent did Russia become a "Westernised power" during his reign? ... Most importantly it was during the Great Embassy that Peter met Augustus II, who soon after rose to take the throne of Poland. ... Despite the speed and determination with which this war machine swung into action, and despite huge increases in recruitment the war against Sweden turned out to be a very long drawn out affair. ... From the bloody war Russia emerged as a definite European power. ... Reforms to his civil service and government also carried with them many ideas taken from similar institutions in Europe. ...

• Word Count: 1918
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Pangloss taught many things to Candide, but most importantly he taught Candide his optimism and all things happen for the better. In chapters two through six Candide goes through the process of being a soldier in the Bulgar's army during the time they were at war with the Abarians. ... The glory of war was then described by Voltaire in the third chapter by showing the brutality of European war, cities burnt to ashes and so forth. ... Next the old woman tells her tale of hardships in life and civil war she witnessed while in the Middle East. ... At the beginning of the book his actions ...

• Word Count: 1382
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

During the mid thirteenth century, a devastating and unforeseen plague took Eurasia by storm. ... He could only make assumptions during his time. ... "7 Between the civil war in China and the plague China saw its population tumble from "120 million in 1200 to 85 million by 1393.... " I think the way people acted after the Black Death makes sense. ... The Black Death is so crucial and so important to study because it really is very interesting. ...

• Word Count: 1332
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

ve heard of African-Americans being oppressed by the white-Americans since they created slave codes of the pre-civil war era that were later replaced by segregation laws and practices to discriminate against the blacks. ... In the military during WWII, American minorities always demonstrated patriotism on the battlefield. 37,000 black soldiers died for the Union during the Civil War while they fought to create and defend the nation. ... During this time Hitler ordered great works of literature to be destroyed. ... Ordinary people were also involved in the annihilation of the Jews. ... Still ma...

• Word Count: 2210
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

I've heard of African-Americans being oppressed by the white-Americans since they created slave codes of the pre-civil war era that were later replaced by segregation laws and practices to discriminate against the blacks. ... In the military during WWII, American minorities always demonstrated patriotism on the battlefield. 37,000 black soldiers died for the Union during the Civil War while they fought to create and defend the nation. ... During this time Hitler ordered great works of literature to be destroyed. ... Ordinary people were also involved in the annihilation of the Jews. ... S...

• Word Count: 2208
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

Language is one of the most important choices that allows humans to develop their rights as a primary mark of identity. ... Wars, earthquakes, tsunamis and such kinds of natural catastrophes can shift the balance between languages. ... People should prefer to use their mother tongue to communicate with the people they are closest to and because they feel more comfortable using it. ... The Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the European Charter of Human Rights all refer to language as an ...

• Word Count: 1941
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Proportionately, Europe progressed at a higher rate than either China or India during the period 1650-1850. It is estimated that the real wage tended to be higher than that of the Orient and India during the thirteenth century and possibly even during the twelfth (Jones 3). What these figures indicate is that although Europe may not have been as populous as the Orient or India, it was more successful at taking care of the people it did support. ... Large civil engineering and luxury court projects provided abundance that appeared monumental and grand, but such projects were enjoyed by a small ...

• Word Count: 2374
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Since World War 2 the Nations of Switzerland and the United Kingdom have undergone many changes when it comes to security (foreign policy) and reforms of political institutions like civil rights and liberties in their Constitutions. ... For the Prime Minister alone holds the ability to declare war and or deploy British troops. ... During the New Labour reign of power, the most important decisions on foreign policy were not conducted from the Foreign Secretary but from inside the Cabinet of the Prime Minster. ... Joining the European Union was an uncharacteristic action by Great Britain for thr...

• Word Count: 1542
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When analyzing the essay title, it became apparent to me that it was more important to discuss why Early modern european cities changed rather than how they changed. ... There were three main changed to urban life during this period. Firstly there was a change in the demographics of townspeople during the early modern period. ... However for the poor and the increasing migration to urban areas increased the population under the poverty line and as a result earning a living for these people became a fantasy. ... Poor relief occurred in the larger European cities such as Nuremberg, Lyons, Ypres,...

• Word Count: 1967
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Places of worship during this time were usually outdoor stone temples whereas now churches are very elaborate and made up of all kinds of resources. (Architectural Digest) Another difference that has taken place in architecture is that in the "1800s and early 1900s architects designed structures" (HistoryWorld) for protection and security for wars. Whereas now buildings are created to efficiently be used to their max potential and be unique to attract peoples' attention. ... A minimum of 50 hours a week is usually required of an architect though and usually is more due to having...

• Word Count: 1489
• Approx Pages: 6