When we do try to specify any such relationship, we run into problems that are no less formidable than those just mentioned: we may be misled by the "obvious". ... However, as we shall see, speech in almost any society can take many very different forms, and just what forms we should choose to discuss when we attempt to describe the language of a society may prove to be a contentious matter. ... In most cases that code will be something we may want to call a language. ... We say language is culturally loaded or independent, we mean culture exerts a strong influence on language, particularly o...

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