People who have studied the sciences have ranged from Aristotle in Ancient Greece to Steven Hawking today. ... In the case of history, the Greek thinkers can largely represent this stage. ... As did all of the cosmologists in the first stage, the Greeks were absolutely sure that the Earth must be still. ... Joining the Greek Philosophers in this stage are all of the cosmologists that lived before Copernicus. ... From the Greeks to the early European cosmologists, the orbits had to be circular, as the circle is the perfect shape, and the cosmos, being on the same level as God, must be perfect....

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