The Mesmerists wrote numerous pamphlets sharing their distrust and affliction towards the scientific academies and later the government. ... By failing to set forth guidelines to determine validity of theory, the determination is left completely open to interpretation. ... As Darnton recalls, "the government offered Mesmer a life pension of 20,000 livres and another 10,000 a year to set up a clinic."" ... Finally, Westfall points out that Newton was elected to the Mint, granted knighthood, and named as a government official.17 These were all rewards for his significant advancements in scienc...

• Word Count: 1480
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If I had the choice to sign the Declaration of Independence, I would have willingly signed it because the King and Parliament had set up an unjust government for the colonists to live by, they had taken control of trade, and had heavily taxed and added duties to the colonists" main imports in orde! ... The Declaration of Independence set down the basis for out government, which would be a democracy. ... They did everything they could to keep the colonial governments oppressed. ... This new government that they would adopt was based on the people. ... This was also just another way for the B...

• Word Count: 1272
• Approx Pages: 5

And even still today, we can see the origins of feudalism throughout our system of government worldwide. ... Strictly speaking, feudalism was a set of legal and military customs, bound and governed by loyalty, in medieval Europe. ... Feudalism-a system that came about because of the decentralization of government-ended up discouraging unified government almost entirely. ... But this system did seem to set the stage for the establishment of a differentiation between local government and state or national government-and separating their roles and responsibilities. In the feudal system, the feder...

• Word Count: 1485
• Approx Pages: 6

Once a new government was established it was already set to fail. Coming in with a whole new set of rules, a republic that was not popular to begin with. ... It did not help that the government was often in paralyzing standstills and could not get a whole lot done. ... With the help of the United States government, the German economy started to stabilize. ... As stated earlier, the judicial system was unchanged during the Weimar Republic's take over of the government. ...

• Word Count: 1653
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

In 1947, the American Government for the first time included special funds in the War Department's budget for the financing of necessary funding. This program of aid, called the "GARIOA Program" (Government and Relief in Occupied Areas), covered part of the urgent import needs. ... Marshall took part as the new Secretary of State, convinced the American Government of the need to counter the advance of communism. ... Government as a proposal (Hemmling, H D). ... The ECA set up its own missions in the participating counties; their job was to supervise the carrying out of the programs an...

• Word Count: 1711
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In doing so, the Nazi government destroyed the voice of these minority groups to the public. ... In order to completely annihilate the "Jewish and Gypsies plague," special government agencies were set up to control the population of the minority race groups. ...

• Word Count: 1319
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"State prisons were set up in which political suspects could be detained without trial for as long as a year."4 Distinguished and well-known men and women known for being against the regime were forced to move to different provincial towns. ... Whatever new land he conquered, he adopted the religion of that land in order to gain the acceptance of the general population. " Religion is useful for the governments of every country. ... Under Napoleon's government, people were no longer judged on their birth or status, but judged according to their talent and merit. ... He established a...

• Word Count: 1579
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Hence upon his return from Europe, the Tsar set in motion sweeping changes designed to bring Russia up to speed with the rest of Europe. ... Russia lacked many of the perquisites for a modern army and the Tsar set about rectifying this in advance of his campaign against Sweden. Once again he relied heavily on help from experts from the rest of Europe who helped him to set up several academies both military and academic in nature. ... Huge numbers of iron works and smelters were set up in order to process the material, which was being mined in the Urals and all across Russia. ... Reforms to ...

• Word Count: 1918
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is these comparisons on a governmental action on a policy that will ultimately determine the fate of these nations and their roles in this highly interconnected world. ... While the foundation of a specific Constitution by the Swiss, according to the opinion of this writer, can be considered to be a stronger way of protecting what a nation wants and will want for its citizens and guidelines its governmental actions. ... Even with these numbers, the Swiss government is heavily divided over entering the European Union. ... It is not set out in any one clear and concise document which accordi...

• Word Count: 1542
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Greens on the European Union Just before the EU launched its Inter-governmental Conference in March 1996, the Council of the Federation adopted a Green IGC document. ... Member states must be allowed to impose measures beyond the environmental minimum standards set by the Union. ... Bundnis 90/ Die Grunen holds three portfolios in the government: Foreign Affairs with Joschka Fischer, Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture with Renate Kunast and Environment with Jurgen Trittin. ... On foreign policy, Bundnis 90/ Die Grunen have consistently supported a EU enlargement and integration, argui...

• Word Count: 1917
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some became crewmen on merchant ships and traveled the world; others opted to live in towns and cities to become apprentices to artisans and craftsmen, or even to set up their own shops making and selling their own goods. ... Fully realized capitalism does not allow any regulation of any corner of the market (however, it should be noted that even in our modern capitalist regime, some industries are still controlled by the government, such as electricity). ... Therefore, capitalism would not truly flourish until relatively few organizations, governmental or otherwise, existed to regulate trad...

• Word Count: 2084
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The War was made out to be a glorious event and many young men enlisted exactly for this reason but reality set in with the invention of a new type of warfare, Trench Warfare. ... For instance before the war women made up about 3% of people working in government establishments by the end of the war nearly 50 percent of people working for the government were women11. ...

• Word Count: 1302
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Hollywood had become a viable power of communication "one that certain members of the government had begun to fear. It was the beginning of another "red scare- in the nation: fears of communism, which had been on the rise ever since the stock market crash that set off the Great Depression, sparked accusations that artists, writers, actors and learned people were communists. ... Ironically, the end of the war left our country in many respects better off than it had been at the start of it "the economic boom sparked by the conflict would continue for many years to come, and the cre...

• Word Count: 1320
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As such, the national government has repeatedly attempted to control these controversial pieces of literature, most notably against the issue of violent video games and their subsequent effects. ... Many children spend much of their waking hours in front of a television set and because of the content, a child will most likely witness some terrible act of violence prevalent in today's television syndication. ...

• Word Count: 2170
• Approx Pages: 9

Opposition to further trade liberalization from special interest groups and some governments will not erode the basic trend toward expansion of trade." ... Europena Security and Defense Policy will be set in terms of partnership with, rather then replacement of NATO." ...

• Word Count: 1732
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As Europeans started identifying themselves more on the basis of their culture and traditions a new set of ideas and emerged out. These new political ideas developed out the medieval feudal Europe and led to political factions, revolutions and class struggles leading to new government and leaders. ...

• Word Count: 1522
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

The State System in this arena was affected by Industrial Revolution, representative governments, political changes, growth of international law, emergence of international organization, economic interdependence, revolution in the means of transport and communication. ... It was followed by the little Corporal Napoleon who asserted his mastery in France and set for the conquest of Europe. ...

• Word Count: 1478
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

As the Serbians denied this request, it is believed by some historians that the young operatives sent to kill Ferdinand were not only nationalistic students but also as scapegoats used by the Serbian government to carry out their dirty work. ... It was this reassurance that prompted Austria to declare war on Serbia, which set off a chain reaction of conflicts. ...

• Word Count: 1859
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Great Britain and Tony Blair failed miserably in this task and although the US Government were happy to have British backing they would have undoubtedly preferred the full support of the EU. ... Not all countries have these issues for example, France sees the European Central Bank as a way to regain autonomy because before the German Central Bank set rates and now all interests are take...

• Word Count: 2341
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"The Functions of a Patrol Officer" The oldest and most basic function in law enforcement is the patrol function. The purpose of patrol is strictly to protect and preserve life and property in communities. Along with protecting citizens, patrol officers deteriorate crime by becoming a visible ...

• Word Count: 2495
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate