Roman law in the earliest period known is typically expressed in the Twelve Tables with their marked formalism. ... The reduction of these forms to writing (c.250 B.C.) was a victory for the plebeians and a step in reducing the religious and formal element in the law. Soon the primary source of law became the lex (plural leges), a statutory enactment that was proposed by a magistrate and accepted by a popular assembly. ... Government Between 1948 and 1989 the Communists controlled all levels of government in Romania, and the head of the Communist Party was the country's most powerful...

• Word Count: 2219
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

Political parties and politicians are guided by their ideologies when making laws. ... They expect that the government takes responsibility more often. ... Taxes enable the government to create jobs. ... To have a smaller government is to have less involvement with the country. ... Left-winged individuals believe that the Canadian gun laws are stricter than they need to be! ...

• Word Count: 1389
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

They believed that a big and active government is the biggest threat to freedom. Modern liberals were exactly the opposite, they believed in an active government. They viewed that a big government will help protect the freedom that people enjoy... (3) FDR's "Four Freedoms" solidified the link between liberalism and active government. ... He never released his belief that a government should play a "leading role in American life, and government must ensure prosperity for all"(Schulman 40); which northern liberalism stood for. ...

• Word Count: 2266
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He also believed that in the case of governments failing to complete its duties, the people under said government had the right to form a new government even through means such as a revolution. ... He looked at the various kinds of government and completed analysis of what made them effective in his book, The Spirit of the Laws. ... It was Rousseau's belief that people could only truly live by laws they made themselves, any other law making processes put the people as victims of someone else's tyranny. ... Smith believed that there was no need to regulate markets because people'...

• Word Count: 1343
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Georges Lefebvre who was a professor whose prime interest was in the social history, stated: "the Revolution of 1789 restored the harmony between fact and law.""... The abolishment of the feudal governmental system was the acknowledgement of the need to conciliate the peasantry. ... The laws are the same for all French people as legislated by a freely elected assembly and enforced by an independent court system. ... Many of the middle class were jealous of the privileges of the aristocrats, also about the fact that they had no say in the government. ... The French Revolution produced a soci...

• Word Count: 1872
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Representative democracy is the most common model of government in all developed countries. ... It is important to make a distinction: the term democracy should be used only in relation of the kind of government used by ancient Greeks, since the term itself means government by the people. ... Montesquieu was one of the main authors to see the people as incapable to act for themselves, as he pointed out in "The spirit of the laws ". ... Unanimity is the law who regulates the pact. ... Who knows better than the people itself which are the best solutions, the best decisions, the best laws for the...

• Word Count: 2282
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Two of the key pieces of legislation passed during the 1920's will also be considered, the Universal Suffrage Bill and the Peace Preservation Law, both of 1925, as together they illustrate the cautious balance between progress and retreat that punctuated interwar Japanese politics. ... Party politics had, after a two-decade struggle, finally become a weight in government, but not without compromise. ... Finally, the role of the emperor himself as the ultimate source of Japanese authority meant that any action on the part of government could be overruled by recourse to an imperial preroga...

• Word Count: 2458
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

Derrida says "France has had a certain tendency to portray itself as being more open to political refugees in contradiction to other European countries, but the motives behind such a policy of opening up to the foreigner have, however, never been "ethical"- in the sense of the moral law or the law of the land-, or, indeed law of hospitality. ... John Rawls book The Laws of Peoples; he describes the basic features of these peoples. ... For liberal peoples have a certain moral character Rawls states "Like citizens in domestic society, liberal peoples are both reasonable and rational, and thei...

• Word Count: 2007
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Government, education, legal systems, social events, clothing, and home decor were all governed by the regulations of Puritanism. ... In his 1690 pamphlet, Two Treatises of Government, Locke stated that political sovereignty does not reside in the state, but in the people. He continued saying that the state has power only if governed by true and "natural" law. This concept of "natural" law would prove very significant in future years. ... Philosophers and intellectuals at the time of the Enlightenment strived to discover the laws that rule this orderly universe. ...

• Word Count: 2303
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These unyielding liberals have installed their own judges that have raised their opinions to the level of Constitutional Law. ... What our founders meant by this was simply that congress was prohibited by law from establishing a national religious denomination. ... Our forefathers never intended the separation of church and state to mean that we are to remove religion, and the mere mention of God, from our government institutions and schools. They simply meant that government could not interfere in our religious rights. ... They hold up picket signs and prance around complaining about Ameri...

• Word Count: 1345
• Approx Pages: 5

There seemed to be equal treatment under the law as revolutionaries had envisioned, but in reality some of the aspects of the civil code were conservationist and had authoritarian views. ... The revolutionaries had not all envisioned a democracy, but in broader terms a more representative form of government. ... Central and local government was directed by him and officials were expected to implement his policies. ... The Revolution had been characterized by anticlericasm, and for the first time it was felt that the government was above the church. ... Part of the reason for the French revolu...

• Word Count: 1408
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When the Liberal Party became government in 1906, they introduced a series of social and welfare reforms and. ... The remarkable and statistical research motivated a public pressure on the government for a social reform. This would argue that, whichever government came into power at that time would have to carry out social reforms or they will lose the votes. ... This shows that this reform policy is populist and despairing because there was low significance in implementing the law as not all old and poor will get the benefits. ... In return, the employer and the government contributed 3d and...

• Word Count: 1737
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He argued that both the law of nature and social contract  provided the basis of sovereignty. Traditionally, Hobbes is seen as a defender of absolute monarchy, a government system where the power is held  in the hands of one man, the Monarch. ... In simple words, the sovereign does not have the right to violate the Natural Law that is basically on the top of all the laws. ... As we said previously, Rousseau deified the people as good and responsible for enacting laws that improve their own welfare. ... Once involved in this vicious circle of revolutions, the most important was the fa...

• Word Count: 2015
• Approx Pages: 8

This era introduced the idea of self-government to the French public, undermining the complete authority of the monarchies. The theory of self-government and religious tolerance made the French public start questioning the actual authority of the French monarchy. ... After they took power in the Hotel de Ville they formed a new city government called the Commune De Paris. ... The National Assembly was formed as the new government, replacing the monarchy with a democracy. ... On Jun 10, 1794 a law passed that suspended a suspect's right to have a public trial and legal assistance. ...

• Word Count: 1580
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

(514 Western Civilization) Man believed that, through reason, we become more aware of the laws of nature and the role it plays in the universe. ... Now, in the 18th century whatever happened to mankind was not the doings of a supreme being but that of natural laws. ... So many lost their lives because they even dared to think for themselves or question the laws of authority. ... Strange as it may sound modern psychologists today use this exact theory in their studies called "cognitive development" Is it safe to say that society today, our government and our constitution are based on the Enli...

• Word Count: 1452
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Civic nationalism is generally seen to be exercised in the areas in which there already exists a civil society, i.e. a group of people, each having a feeling of belonging to the same community, who are governed by and respect the rule of law. The people's national identity is said to arise from a sense of political community, within an area with defined geographical borders, which houses a culturally homogenous group, with equal rights under a legal system which is respected by the government - so indicating that civil nationalism and liberal democracy are complementary. ...

• Word Count: 1651
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate