Moreover, Stephens et al. (1998, p. 205) note that marxists assert that education is used to distinguish between middle and upper class workforce entrants from those of the working class. ... Such fragmentation of the workforce, notes Van Krieken at al., makes it difficult for the employees to unite against the upper reaches of the hierarchy because " control can be maintained because of the principle of divide and conquer" (2000, p. 194). ... However, rather than simply accepting the roles that individuals are socialised, or stratified into, conflict theory proposes that those exploited do...

• Word Count: 2373
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

While still noting positive theories in her analysis on Marx, the overall tone is negative and sometimes attempted in aiding the reader destructively by shining an unconstructive light on points that frequently stirred political debates between communists and capitalists. ... Unfortunately, the milestones that he set during his life were either small or unworthy to note. ... Hegel touches on a very crucial point; that is, if man believes less in what he cannot see, as opposed to that he can see, then Marx's theory about the creation of the commune, who would collect everyone's earn...

• Word Count: 1578
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Archie Brown notes that "Gorbachev has the political will to make significant innovations in both Soviet domestic and foreign policy"1, and German biographer Christian Shmidt-Hauer states that "the new leader is ambitious for power- not power for its own sake, but power to improve his own society"2.3 Anyhow, his personal attractive qualities and his remarkable profile of a Young Communist League member and a Law graduate from the Moscow State University, presented him as the most suitable Party Leader the USSR needs in order to optimize the unstable economic situation he i...

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

In the same vein, in his essay "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," (Notes Towards an Investigation, 1972) the French philosopher Louis Althusser uses a Marxist perspective to study the relationship, in the modern context, between the governed and the governor. ... Althusser insists, however, that, though unconsciously, subjects abide by the ideological stance of the state not out of free will but rather out of fear of punishment. ...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

"Examine the major contributions and criticisms of critical theory to the understanding of social life in both the modern and contemporary society." The 'Frankfurt school' of critical theory founded in 1923 in German mainly aimed to bring together different types of Marxist thinking to construct an 'important version of neoMarxism' (Agger, 1998:78; Ricoeur, 1974:21-22). The Frankfurt school includes well known theorists such as Max Horkeimer, Ardono, and Jürgen Habermas (who was responsible for the advance to second generation of the Frankfurt school) (Geuss, 1...

• Word Count: 1843
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

With this, a class society existed, with those freed from manual work able to concentrate on academics. ... Now, noting back to the law of negation of the negation, it can be seen that every stage of the political circle has also annulled and coveted the trappings of the previous system, as seen by the annulment of capitalism, yet coveting the wisdom, knowledge and gains of the previous societies. ...

• Word Count: 1800
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In response to a letter in a newspaper by writer Maxim Gorky criticizing the Bolshevik actions, Lenin wrote: "As the State is only a transitional institution which we are obliged to use in the revolutionary struggle in order to crush our opponents forcibly, it is pure absurdity to speak of a Free People's State. ... Interesting to note that a young Stalin, then the head of the People's Commissariat for Nationalities, wanted to deprive the Soviet Republics of their independence by turning them into republics within the RSFSR, but had his proposal rejected when Lenin opted for his ow...

• Word Count: 1728
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate