Napoleon used the system of conscription across the Empire to improve the French military, while pressuring countries across Europe to provide a number of troops for the French. Between 1807-1813, French military expenditure rose from 462 million francs to 817 million francs. ... Initially, Louis rejected the idea of conscription due to his pro-Dutch beliefs and concerns of the strain it may place upon the Dutch military. ... Throughout Napoleon's military career in France, it would be Poland who would provide the French with the most military support in terms of conscripted troops as the...

• Word Count: 4602
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Graduate

Out of all this will come forth Europe, a solid and united Europe - This was the preface to a declaration made by Robert Schuman, French Foreign Minister (1948-55), as Europe lay in ruins in the aftermath of the Second World War. ... In this essay, I am going to focus my discussion upon the extra state, rather than intrastate aspect of peace and stability, with the view that this can be achieved through collective foreign policy of the states of Europe. ... Within the current infrastructure of the European Union, there are two possible developments for securing long-term peace in Europe: ...

• Word Count: 2876
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

The Bourbon king Louis XIV, the powerful monarch of the early seventeenth century (1661-1715), had been the most successful absolute monarch in history, but his grandiose imperial ambitions led to massive military failure and had left his country in economic ruin. ... Napoleon was aware of his hostile neighbors of Europe, and at first through skillful diplomacy and then through masterful military movements he was able to secure his nation from any real threats. ...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The classic instrument for restraining trade is to impose taxes on imported goods (called tariffs) so that foreign products are artificially expensive and can't compete with domestic goods. ... Similarly there exist restrictions on foreign investment or the movement of capital. ... From a political perspective, foreign competition can bankrupt domestic businesses (which may benefit consumers with better value, more efficient goods, but disadvantages domestic companies whose employees face redund...

• Word Count: 7309
• Approx Pages: 29
• Grade Level: Graduate

U.S Foreign Policy Toward Jewish Refugees During 1933-1939 PART I HISTORICAL REVIEW AND ANALYSIS In reviewing the events which gave rise to the U.S.'s foreign policy toward Jewish refugees, we must identify the relevant factors upon which such decisions were made. ... They had tolerated his military build-up and occupation of the Rhineland, both violations of the Treaty of Versailles, as well as the annexing of Austria and the take-over of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. ... In the weeks before the conference, Ambassador Joseph Kennedy, in London, felt the growin...

• Word Count: 4346
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

The focus of the literature on EU-Turkey relations is still concentrate by and large on other issues such as religion, Cyprus issue, military's involvement into politics and human rights concerns but not energy. ... In terms of the energy resources surrounding Turkey, there are many scholarly written accounts which give as crude facts such as Yergin and Kandiyoti However, there are many biased and politically motivated publications on energy issues as it can be used as a foreign policy tool such as Aliyev and Pinder. ...

• Word Count: 6977
• Approx Pages: 28
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Question: Discuss the evolution of the international protection regime and explain the rationales that underlay the decision to amend the 1951 United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees reflected in the elimination of the temporal and geographical limitations. Abstract The root ...

• Word Count: 4488
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Every single empire in its official discourse has said that it is not like all the others, that its circumstances are special, that it has a mission to enlighten, civilize, bring order and democracy, and that it uses force only as a last resort. And, sadder still, there always is a chorus of willing intellectuals to say calming words about benign or altruistic empires, as if one shouldn't trust the evidence of one's eyes watching the destruction and the misery and death brought by the latest mission of civilization"" (Edward W. Said, Orientalism). The term, "Orientalism," has been...

• Word Count: 4296
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Our research set out to improve our understanding of the immigration from 1960s up to 1980s and by exploring the rhythms and realities of everyday life both of immigrants and natives people. This research is based on the immigration policy in Britain, which structured the lives of immigrants. We aimed to investigate the strategies people deployed in the time of far-researching changes, to meet their perceived priorities and needs. The first category includes such details as the economic, political and social condition in the countries of emigration. Understanding why immigrants leave their ho...

• Word Count: 4568
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Strikingly, it was much cheaper to obtain slaves in Europe than to send a vessel to an epidemiologically coast in Africa without proper harbors and remote from European political, financial, and military power. ...

• Word Count: 4994
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the US, the citizens were a little more reluctant to enrol, caused by not only the appalling casualties in Europe, but also due to the virtual lack of any military tradition in the states", the total amount of reserves being merely 32,000, insufficient even to operate large scale manoeuvres, thus in the US, of the 3,097,000 men recruited, only 517,000 were volunteers. ...

• Word Count: 6124
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: Undergraduate