As a result, a fair trial of the accused was a right given to the citizens along with other equities that the framers instilled in every other facet of this country's government. ... Should legal counsel be provided by the government if the accused lacks the funds to assemble a counsel for his defense? ... Even though many states and the federal government allowed for the appointment of counsel for impoverished defendants, Florida as well as many other southern states did not (Goodman 62). ... This petition sought to invalidate his conviction and sentence on the basis...

• Word Count: 2059
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Facing a crisis, the federal government vainly attempted to achieve a balance between the regions. ... Two opposing governments and settlers" feuds over land claims escalated into violence. ... Douglas admitted that if the public opinion did not support the federal government, then the will of the people would eventually reign. ... Thus, the south in a sense became isolated, set in sharp opposition to the federal government and all of the other regions of the country. ... The government was not fulfilling its obligations to protect the interests of its people; thus, the people must usurp the a...

• Word Count: 1316
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Facing a crisis, the federal government vainly attempted to achieve a balance between the regions. ... Two opposing governments and settlers" feuds over land claims escalated into violence. ... Douglas admitted that if the public opinion did not support the federal government, then the will of the people would eventually reign. ... Thus, the south in a sense became isolated, set in sharp opposition to the federal government and all of the other regions of the country. ... The government was not fulfilling its obligations to protect the interests of its people; thus, the people must usurp the a...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Facing a crisis, the federal government vainly attempted to achieve a balance between the regions. ... Two opposing governments and settlers" feuds over land claims escalated into violence. ... Douglas admitted that if the public opinion did not support the federal government, then the will of the people would eventually reign. ... Thus, the south in a sense became isolated, set in sharp opposition to the federal government and all of the other regions of the country. ... The government was not fulfilling its obligations to protect the interests of its people; thus, the people must usurp the a...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Upon ratification of the United States Constitution, in 1789, this agreed upon a form of government put into effect, and has operated as the government of the United States ever since. ... The law that forced all federal officers was extended to all state officials securing their effect on the election of the president. ... He supports a federal courts authority to overrule state laws that contravene the Constitution. ... And most important in assuring domestic order and tranquility, federal courts should have jurisdiction in all conflicts between the states, such as in boundary dispu...

• Word Count: 1599
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It has been at the center of the most controversies in American life: general issues such as the responsibilities of the branches of the federal government, the sharing of power by the federal and state governments and the rights of individuals, as well as more specific questions such as slavery, business trusts, the right of labor union, voting, school segregation, abortion and capital punishment. ... Testing the limits of Power The Constitution played a unique role in the Supreme Court's development: ,It allocated and regulated power within the federal government, divided power betwe...

• Word Count: 1623
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

And since, the affirmative action programs focused on minority groups that were determined by the federal government such as: Asian or Pacific Islander-Persons having origins in any of the original people of the far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands. ... The government recognized that educational opportunities to be as significant as those relating to employment. ... Also within the same timeframe, President Jimmy Carter created the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program (OFCCP) to ensure compliance with the affirmative action policies. Over t...

• Word Count: 1414
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, before condemning the constitution for handicapping big government solutions, two points should be considered. ... The division of national government into three specific camps with very little overlap, as well as the federal structure delegating power to the states means that political action requires the support, or at least the consent of a number of political institutions, and therefore a clear majority of the electorate. ... As the scope of government has grown so have expectations. ... The main tool for reducing disparities of wealth is progressive taxation, yet the federal g...

• Word Count: 1663
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The main purpose of implementing the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, was to safeguard fundamental individual rights against seizure by the federal government and prohibit interference with existing rights. ... Article One deals with the Congress, the legislative structure of the federal government. ... The organization of the federal court system established by Congress is hierarchical. ... Implementation of programs on the federal level are rarely directed straight from the national government in Washington, D.C. Most require a combination of federal ...

• Word Count: 2367
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

In 1966 a large step was taken in the area of personal privacy when the Freedom of Information Act "gave citizens the right to ask a federal agency for any files it had about them" (Hoobler 51). ... To ensure that citizens were supplied with the information they requested from government agencies, the Privacy Act "set a limit on the time a federal agency had to respond to a request for files" (Hoobler 51). ... Most Americans are aware that the government holds records on them but few realize how many records the government has and exactly what information those records contain. ... Although...

• Word Count: 2150
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Bill of Rights contains our civil liberties, which guarantees citizens individual rights against intrusions by the federal and state government. ... Using the information federal agent Elliot obtained in the scan, he was issued a warrant to search Kyllos home. ... The court is deciding on the constitutionality of a federal law versus a state law. ... The government argued that the thermal imager only detected heat and not any intimate details of Kyllos" home. ... With this criterion, the Supreme Court ruled that the government's use of thermal imagining was unconstitutional. ...

• Word Count: 1483
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Madison Throughout the history of the United States America, many court cases between citizens, state government and federal government, and businesses have been brought to the Supreme Court. ... Midnight appointments are the last minute filling of government posts. ... This case also showed that federal power overrules state power. ... It also protects the people and government from unconstitutional laws issued by Congress and the states. ... These cases also serve as a basis for decisions made in federal court....

• Word Count: 1653
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

This legislation, along with an executive order in 1965, helped blacks by forcing businesses receiving federal funds to stop using aptitude tests and other criteria that tended to discriminate against blacks ("affirmative action"). ... Starting with several cases in 1989, the Supreme Court has restricted affirmative action by: "[giving] greater weight to claims of reverse discrimination, outlawed the use of minority set-asides in cases where prior racial discrimination could not be proved, and placed stricter limits on states' use of racial preferences than it did on the federal governme...

• Word Count: 2072
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to the eighth amendment, the federal government is mandated not to inflict cruel and unusual punishment on its citizens. Some say that this barbaric practice of allowing the government to murder its citizens is not granted under our constitution. ... All it is showing is the hypocrisy of the government. ... Hypothetically speaking, what if one sentenced to life imprisonment murders another inmate; there is no action the government can take to punish this murderer. ... The government must have a punishment for the worst of criminals. ...

• Word Count: 1591
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

At the time segregation of whites and blacks was legal, as part of the governments "separate but equal" stance. ... Its goal was to end discrimination against any employee by the government and its contractors. The order required every federal contractor to "Not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color or national origin. ... While some companies use a quota to ensure diversity, and dodge local, state or government fines that is not the intent. ... It is the goal of the government to have companies evaluate its employees, and make goals for n...

• Word Count: 2301
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, the issue of a listing of rights that could not be infringed upon by the new, stronger national government became a key in the ratification debates. ... Remembering their experience as British colonists, the Anti-Federalists feared that the stronger national government would abuse individual rights. ... The federal government realized in 1913 that in order for it to collect taxes effectively, and not have to share that tax money with the states, federal income tax was necessary. ... The advocates of Prohibition felt that alcoholism was a problem in America that couldn't be cure...

• Word Count: 2226
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This form of closed shop is now prohibited under federal labour statutes. ... Most escalator clauses use the national consumer price index (CPI) prepared by the federal government's Bureau of Labour Statistics. ...

• Word Count: 1763
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The court declared that "if the right of privacy means anything, it is the right of the individual, married or single, to be free from unwarranted governmental intrusion into matters so fundamentally affecting a person as the decision whether to bear or beget a child" ( Eisenstadt v. ... These court cases truly show the corruption and cunningness of the government, and the continual infringement and utter disregard for natural and constitutional human rights. ... The court held that intimate homosexual conduct was part of the liberty that was protected by substantive due process, wh...

• Word Count: 2149
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography

Government was unable to ignore the issues any longer without a great penalty. Compassion to help the underprivileged also attributed to government making the first step to take action. ... This broadened the law to include any American agency or business that received federal assistance to abide by the same laws. Within months, Executive Order 11246 was implemented prohibiting discrimination for federal employment from race, creed, religion or national origin. ... This amendment was the guidance that American leaders needed to change the policies under which schools, business and ...

• Word Count: 1980
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, in 1873, the equality policies, implemented in the south by the federal government, were overturned and replaced with a system of legal segregation. ... On September 24th, 1965, President Johnson issued Executive Order 11246, this order requires government contractors to "take affirmative action" to expand job opportunities for minorities. ... Alongside the order, was the creation of the Office of Federal Compliance in the department of labor to enforce affirmative action. ... Executive Order 11246 is one of the most far-reaching federal programs for expanding equal opportunity. ......

• Word Count: 1839
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Our public school system is decaying, despite the supposed best efforts of our federal, state, and local governments. ... The idea of school choice is for the government, state or federal, to fund private schools at some level, thus relieving the taxpayer. ... The only downfall to government paying for private school is that with money comes regulations. ... This would prevent the federal government from imposing regulations on private schools, and it allows the voucher to directly help the family in need. ... "My own "Charter Students" plan would award government-financed EPGs to students not...

• Word Count: 1385
• Approx Pages: 6

"Then, the Court established that the word "person" as used in the due process clause and in other provisions of the Constitution did not include the unborn, and therefore the unborn lacked federal constitutional protection " (Justia 1). ... Having an abortion should be legal without any sort of encumbrance upon the federal government, state governments, and the citizens because it should be up to one's personal discretion. ... Involving the government in this type of decision eliminates the privacy guaranteed to the people by the government. ... Now, there is a gratuitous debate going ...

• Word Count: 1391
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Unfortunately, this rule only applied to the Federal government in earlier times. ... But she felt that the exclusionary rule should be made part of the 4th Amendment, and appealed to the federal courts. ... In a landmark case, the Supreme Court reversed the decision in Mapp's favor, and since then the exclusionary rule has been incorporated into the 4th Amendment to limit not only the Federal government, but the States as well. ... They would rather have organizations run things of special areas of interest than the government. ... By 1992, it was no longer the case that police an...

• Word Count: 1915
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

Then came the Federal Firearms Act of 1938. ... In 1972, the bureau of alcohol, tobacco, and firearms was created to control the illegal use and sale of firearms and to enforce the federal firearm laws (US Gov. ... It has often been too ignored by federal courts. Gun control laws betray constitutional freedoms by maintaining ill-gotten government powers at the expense of individual rights (Halbrook 109). ... At best, they display what the state government compromised their power to the federal government, which has gained absolute control over freedom (Detweiler 118). ...

• Word Count: 2172
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

A mentally ill inmate is not entitled to a full-blown hearing before the government may force him or her to take anti-psychotic drugs against his or her will. ... In 1996, Congress passed the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), which has been seen by many critics as unfairly limiting inmate access to the federal court system. The PRLA contains five major provisions: Prisoners must exhaust internal prison grievance procedures before they file suit in federal court. ... Interestingly, no state or federal appeals court has forbidden male officers from supervising female inmates in the showers. ....

• Word Count: 2215
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate