The Secretary of Defense is saying, "to provide for the common defense" the federal government can conduct the experiment at Maxwell AFB, which is federal property. The state of Alabama says that the federal government cannot conduct those experiments at Maxwell because it violates the state law. ... Those who represent the federal government would say that the benefits of experiments are clear and substantial. ... Maryland (1819) when the federal government had established a bank in Maryland and the state tried to tax it. Because the Constitution gave Congress the power to coin mone...

• Word Count: 2056
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The federal government's inability to tax restricted the United States' ability to function. This inability to tax paralyzed the federal government and consequently, the United States could not pay its debts. ... This resulted in many Americans promoting a Constitution that strengthened the United States federal government. ... They believed the nation required a stronger federal government to succeed. ... Thomas Jefferson supported a very limited federal government, while Alexander Hamilton supported a stronger federal government. ...

• Word Count: 1434
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Milkis also argues that the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt changed the constitutional balance that existed and supported by political parties since the time of Madison and Jackson after it created a federal government powerful and independent enough to run a welfare state. ... This philosophy was followed by Jackson's decision to strip away many powers of the federal government as exemplified by the dismantling of the Bank of the United States (26). ... This ardent defense was demonstrated in 1832 after South Carolina declared a new tariff law "null and void" and threatened t...

• Word Count: 1647
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The structure of government in Malaysia is very similar to what is practised in Great Britain. ... The Federal Constitution divides the structure of government to three different branches- Legislature, Executive, and, Judiciary . ... The Structure of Government in Malaysia In Malaysia, the legislative branch of government contains three major elements - the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat . ... However, Article 43(3) of the Federal Constitution states that the cabinet is collectively responsible for its actions. ... Article 44 of the Federal Constitution provides...

• Word Count: 2493
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Not all of their actions, however, afforded a stable central government, and in many instances they angered the will of the people - an essential element in any stable government. ... Also enacted under the watch of Washington was the Judiciary Act of 1789, which organized the structure of the Supreme Court, organized the structure of federal district and circuit courts, and also established the position of Attorney General. ... This prevented the overthrow or nullification of the actions of the government by the people, keeping the government strong and powerful. ... This, therefore, ensu...

• Word Count: 1367
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I will assess, the impact of High Court decision on the operation of the Australian Federal system and its consequences on the Federal balance, and also the impact of the Commonwealth State relations. ... In 1926 the Federal Roads Case effected the Federal System, as the outcome of this case gave more power to the Commonwealth hence changing the Federal Balance. ... The First Uniform tax case can be seen as particularly important in the Federal Balance, as it led to the Commonwealth collection of taxes and gave rise to Vertical Fiscal Imbalance - The disparity between the collection and spend...

• Word Count: 1458
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(2) Defining Constitutionalism We will employ Fred Ridley's (1988: p. 317) broad definition of a constitution as: ...the whole system of government of a country, the collection of rules, written and unwritten, which regulate the government'. ... It has four key features: (1) It establishes, or constitutes, the system of government, hence it is prior to the system of government, rules cannot be derived from that system; (2) it involves an authority outside and above the order it establishes - the notion of constituent power' - this power in a liberal ...

• Word Count: 1384
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In short, it stipulates the structures and powers of government and between government and the citizen" (Jones et al. 1994, 279). ... Suspicion of Executive power was tempered by the requirements of political order within the Federal system. The central, of federal government comprised of an institutionally separated Executive in the form of a single elected President, a bicameral Legislature or Congress, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and the Judiciary or the federal courts which are headed by the Supreme Court. ... The structure provides politicians with the...

• Word Count: 1942
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

In 1966 a large step was taken in the area of personal privacy when the Freedom of Information Act "gave citizens the right to ask a federal agency for any files it had about them" (Hoobler 51). ... To ensure that citizens were supplied with the information they requested from government agencies, the Privacy Act "set a limit on the time a federal agency had to respond to a request for files" (Hoobler 51). ... Most Americans are aware that the government holds records on them but few realize how many records the government has and exactly what information those records contain. ... Although...

• Word Count: 2150
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, the issue of a listing of rights that could not be infringed upon by the new, stronger national government became a key in the ratification debates. ... Remembering their experience as British colonists, the Anti-Federalists feared that the stronger national government would abuse individual rights. ... The federal government realized in 1913 that in order for it to collect taxes effectively, and not have to share that tax money with the states, federal income tax was necessary. ... The advocates of Prohibition felt that alcoholism was a problem in America that couldn't be cure...

• Word Count: 2226
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Antifederalists believed that the territory needed to be divided to have a functional government. ... They believed that the Constitution would not give complete power to the national government, but would instead create a government that was partly federal and partly national. ... The Antifederalists viewed the federal judiciary system as another threat to individuals' liberties and the states' independence. ... A bigger concern was that the jurisdiction given to the federal courts was too broad. ... Some had smaller complaints, but most of the opposition was over how much powe...

• Word Count: 1653
• Approx Pages: 7

The accession to sovereignty expressed that Quebec would be permitted to declare their secession from Canada once negotiations with the Canadian government were completed. ... Upon greater examination the Bill was a carte blanc for the Quebec government to whatever it wanted if a majority yes vote was received from the referendum. This arrogant approach taken by the sovereign Quebec supporters lead the Canadian government to develop firm and stringent policies for potential provincial secession. ... Accordingly, if a clear majority were received in Quebec the federal and other provincial ...

• Word Count: 1389
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It all began with a wish, a wish for a great interference in the lives of colonists -- a wish for a new form of government, separation from Europe and great wealth. ... The delegates had difficulty working while some were getting sick of the overheated temperature, yet the greatest governmental system in all of history was created in such unfavorable and imperfect circumstances. ... In Miss Bowen's view the Framers of the Constitution rejected alike the principle and the practice of the Articles, and, displaying a willingness to reach honorable compromise and a happy capacity for sound e...

• Word Count: 1258
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Constitutions help establish boundaries of government and keep the nations and states they are written for together. ... For instance, limited government is well enumerated in the Texas Constitution, but it is not as enumerated in the U.S. ... For instance the Board of Education helps limit the state government by providing an extra level between local school districts and the state government as far as establishing money allocation for education. ... The founding fathers of the United States wanted to make it a difficult process to amend the federal Constitution, and they succeeded. ... Inste...

• Word Count: 1531
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A Constitutional Europe The Member States of the European Union are currently in volved in a lively debate that is centered on what might be the biggest step yet towards the federalization of Europe. ... Representations of the governments of the Member States are required to agree unanimously before any new addition to the existing Treaties can be concluded. ... Article 20(2) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany states that "all state authority emanates from the people. ... The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in Brunner, 1994, requesting a review of the Treaty ...

• Word Count: 2086
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

law and was eventually adopted by 42 states as well as the federal government of the United States. ... Publishers Simon and Schuster and Macmillan Publishing Co. brought these contests forward and, although, the statute was upheld in both federal and state courts, the validity of the law itself was under a microscope. ...

• Word Count: 1561
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School