Thus the federal government could enforce the new laws. ... McKissack 57), and when Rutherford Hayes was elected, he retrieved all federal troops from the South, ending the Reconstruction era, and also ending the enforcement of civil rights (59-60). ... The Southern government devised ingenious ways to keep blacks from voting, made possible by the absence of federal troops (62). ... The ideas before the Civil Rights Movement included racism and white supremacy, government apathy, and the will of African-Americans to rise from a slum of poverty and discrimination. ... Moving to governme...

• Word Count: 3013
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Meredith was escorted onto the campus by federal marshals and Civil Rights Division lawyers. Stationed on or near the campus to protect him were 123 deputy federal marshals, 316 US Border Patrolmen, and 97 federal prison guards. ... The violence continued until President Kennedy sent 16,000 federal troops to the campus. ... The federal government intervened occasionally during the Kennedy administration as a "friend of the court," but these efforts were slow and achieved little progress. Titles IV and VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 authorized the government to become involved to insure...

• Word Count: 6633
• Approx Pages: 27

This concept basically states that there will be two levels of government, the national and the state. Federalism states that the national and state governments are separate entities and have formal authority over the same area and people. ... However, this civil rights movement did not accomplish its goals to the fullest due to the lack of government enforcement. ... During Reconstruction, favorable legislation was passed for blacks, but the turn of the century brought back ...

• Word Count: 8719
• Approx Pages: 35
• Grade Level: High School

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 formally abolished the Jim Crow system in public accommodations, employment, voting, education, and federally financed activities. The Voting Rights Act of 1965, an arguably more significant achievement, rendered illegal numerous discriminatory barriers to effective political participation by African-Americans and mandated federal review of all new voting regulations so that it would be possible to determine whether their use would perpetuate voting discrimination. ... " These highly racialized appeals targeted poor and working-class whites and were usually ac...

• Word Count: 4144
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography

Since the government came up with the "brilliant" idea of exclusionary zoning, blacks and other minorities have suffered the most. Minorities are often forced to live in low-class federal housing mainly because of limited opportunities offered to them in educational advances. ... I have seen federal housing and it is not a pretty thing. Upon entering a unit provided by the government, one may find holes in the floors, neglected utility pipes and fixtures, and infestations. ... Bush and his administration are in the process of increasing housing opportunities for minorities and reforming fe...

• Word Count: 2726
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

This issue screams to be addressed by the government and abolished in American society if we truly desire our country to be "The Land of the Free," that we all know and love. ... According to our own governmental reports 80 percent of the country's cocaine users are white, and the "typical" cocaine user is a white middle class suburbanite. ... Political opposition to the practice of racial profiling is mounting, President Clinton has it "morally indefensible" and has ordered federal law enforcement officials to collect ...

• Word Count: 2664
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Between 1955 and 1968 acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between government authorities and activists. All levels of government local through federal often had to respond to these crises immediately and were forced to face the inequalities faced by the black Americans. ... The Masons were a self-selecting brotherhood who undertook civic and political activities to improve local communities and influence both state and national governments. ...

• Word Count: 3545
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the last half of the nineteenth-century the government formed strict laws to thwart the strong beliefs of polygamy until church leaders denounced the practice. ... Government officials, mainly the Republican Party, began to pass strict laws concerning anyone practicing plural marriage. ... Leaders often referred to passages Smith had written about a close descendant of Ham that established the first government of Egypt; He became a very wise and righteous ruler but because he was an ancestor of Cain he was "cursed pertaining to the Priesthood"10. Republican Government officials conti...

• Word Count: 3075
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Declaration of Independence states, "All men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights". But how much of this is true? Since the very beginning of the legal system in the United States, there has been inequality. Appearance has held such precedence...

• Word Count: 3114
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

With all this happening the government was forced to protect many black Americans and to guarantee them their rights. In order to enforce these rights federal legislations were passed, public facilities such as transportation and waiting rooms were now desegregated and blacks finally gained back their access to the polling booth. ... The decision from the Brown case placed the federal government on the side of those people who saw segregation as something bad and evil. ...

• Word Count: 2726
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Much of this improvement has been achieved through various court decisions, and other improvements have been made through federal and state legislatures. ... It also found that of all federal death row inmates, 67 percent are Black.11 Despite the fact that these statistics are startling and important, they are insufficient to justify race-based jury nullification at face value. ...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Sanders believes "blacks constituted an American underclass in all parts of the United States in 190013" whilst Chambers contrasts this, believing "the black codes did not technically re-establish slavery.14" Also in contrast to Sanders is Dunning who states "as the black codes were concerned, it was pointed out that they could not be alleged as a tendency to restore slavery since the offensive acts had in many of the states been repealed by the legislatures themselves and in all had been superseded by the civil rights act.15" I agree with William Dunning to an ex...

• Word Count: 3529
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The government gave them no work and many Black refugees got rocky and barren land to farm. ... Blacks mostly settled together because it was a form of support because the government did not help them out much. ... Many other Black support groups were also formed and this was good because it helped raise racial and political awareness and the Federal Government was forced to recognize our Black Leaders. ... In 1911, the government and Blacks were having problems in the prairies and this eventually led to ending Black immigration to the prairies. ...

• Word Count: 2905
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

The southern slave owning states made it clear that they did not want the federal government to interfere with their ability to own slaves. Therefore the Constitution was structured to allow the caste system of slavery to not only continue, but also gave the stamp of approval of slavery from the newly formed government (Alexander, 25). ... At this time, many of the federal civil rights legislations were passed and America went into the Reconstruction Era. ... However, these Amendments turned out to be false promises when the government stopped protecting these rights of southern black American...

• Word Count: 6384
• Approx Pages: 26

The 1960's was a decade that changed the world. This decade was filled with countless important events that are still impacting us. The 60's saw everything from the election and assignation of the nation's first Catholic president, a divisive war with Vietnam, the space race which led to American as...

• Word Count: 3205
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

It is a testament to the greatness of Martin Luther King Jr. that nearly every major city in the U.S. has a street or school named after him. It is a measure of how sorely his achievements are misunderstood that most of them are located in black neighborhoods. He is still regarded mainly as the bl...

• Word Count: 3558
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

One of the most noted turning points in American History is the Civil Rights Movement. Almost every aspect of this country today, would not be the same if it was not for the African American leaders that stood up in their communities during the mid 1900's and preached words of a United States that was free from oppression against people of color. These leaders were fearless, dedicated, well-spoken men who advocated African American strength and pride, as well as the unthinkable acts that were made against people of color during their time. Two main groups of the Civil Rights movement were...

• Word Count: 3309
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

Another step backwards in the history of human rights for blacks was reached, when the erosion of the rights they had achieved under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments and the Reconstruction Acts were denied by the southern government. ... New interpretations of these Amendments by the state governments left blacks defenseless. ...

• Word Count: 4309
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

S. government during the demonstrations. ... Unlike Vanishing Son that presents a renewed suspicion of the People's Republic of China and the Red Menace after 1989, Martial Law features a Hong Kong action star, after the 1997 change of sovereignty, who seamlessly plays a representative of the PRC government without any mention of its political system. ...

• Word Count: 9463
• Approx Pages: 38
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Situation of African-Americans in America In their motherland Africa, black people lived together in tribes with the families staying together in the village and leading a live according to strong morals and rites. Each tribe had developed a culture and often an own language, and the people ei...

• Word Count: 3965
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School