Even recently, the concept of desistence in life course study has been viewed as a stable, discrete "end- state rather than a developmental process (Bushway et al., 2001). ... As an example, many life course investigations into delinquency attend to the relationship between age and offending but in doing so confound what are two distinct elements in a process, according to Bushway et al. (2001). Instead, as found by studying desistence, it may be "age-graded changes- in offending behavior rather than aging itself that are part of the causal mechanisms (Bushway et al. 2001). ... A seemingly ...

• Word Count: 672
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Brewin et al. (1989) go on further to outline four theories to explain homesickness: expectancy, attachment, social support, and social affiliation. ... Brewin et al. (1989) concluded that homesickness is predicted by "greater self-reported dependency" on others and also by higher expectations that many college freshmen experience homesickness. ... After studying the different ways homesickness has been measured in past research, the authors derived a 33-item questionnaire to measure homesickness primarily as a grief reaction to separation from home (Archer et al., 1998). Archer et...

• Word Count: 1005
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Summary The purpose of the experimental research design conducted by Kimberly McDuffie, Margo Mastropieri, and Thomas Scruggs was to examine several factors; the effects of a peer-tutoring intervention on the academic achievement amongst students with and without disabilities, differences in students' academic achievement between co-taught and non-co-taught settings, and what is the added value of peer tutoring is implemented in the context of a co-taught setting (McDuffie et al., 2009). The authors hypothesized that students in peer tutoring would do better than those without the peer tu...

• Word Count: 775
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

All reference materials must be accurate because they contain useful sources of further information (Riegelman et al. 2013). ... Here, a research hypothesis is not necessary (Riegelman et al. 2013). ...

• Word Count: 587
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The third article entitled "Critical thinking in Distance Education and Traditional Education" written by Visser et al looks at the development of critical thinking amongst traditional and distance education students. ... Visser et al study bring attention external factors that contribute to lack of critical thinking skills amongst students. Visser et al also shows the opportunities and inadequacies of both distance and traditional education. ...

• Word Count: 1082
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Socrates said that the "unexamined life is not worth living for a human being" (West et al. 92). ... " (West et al. 66) By investigating the things under the earth and in heaven, he was examining the foundations of the principles that the Athenians lived by. ... However, Socrates was the only one to examine other sophists in order to get to the root of true wisdom (West et al. 69-72). ...

• Word Count: 984
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

The authors of the article, Hamlin, et al. hypothesized that preverbal infants do social evaluation. The hypothesis is then confirmed with the results suggesting, "preverbal infants assess individuals on the basis of their behavior towards others" (Hamlin et al. 2007). ...

• Word Count: 832
• Approx Pages: 3

In the psychodynamic approach, there was no original scientific experiment carried out by Freud, but later studies such as Adams et al (1996) who looked into homophobia began to use objective ways to gather their findings. ... As an example, Saccone et al (2006) looked at the effects of nicotine dependency using brain scanning method. ...

• Word Count: 845
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Bernstein et al, 1997) Locke acknowledges that humans have inherent propensities that monitor our thought, emotion, and bodily processes, but that concepts of religion, politics, math, and science are all impressions that have resulted from experience. ...

• Word Count: 296
• Approx Pages: 1
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Humphreys was criticized for his sympathy with the plight of his subject population (Beauchamp et al 1982), this emotional involvement could potentially have created a confirmation bias in the produced results. ...

• Word Count: 826
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Doctor Harold Koenig, associate professor of medicine and psychiatry at Duke University, did such a research and compiled a comprehensive document, citing the studies done on the affect of prayer upon health (The Handbook of Health and Religion, Koenig, et al, 1997). ...

• Word Count: 1009
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School