Alexander et al 2003) How Stigma Is Attested Stigma attested by the attitudes of the people in the surroundings. ... Bradley et al 2002). ... Alexander et al 2003) Appearance: It includes that the person is mentally turmoil that makes him imperfect and defected. ... Corrigan, et al, 2005) Stigma as Public Health Problem Stigma refers as a main public health problem in most of the countries. ... Levy et al 1996) and awareness should be created among the people to treat these kind of people normally. ...

• Word Count: 1531
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

Andreasen later subdivided the positive symptoms into two groups, psychotic and disorganised dimensions (Andreasen, Arndt, Alliger et al., 1995). ... For instance, if a patient is experiencing hallucinations or delusions then an antipsychotic drug may alleviate them (Curran, Harris, Macdonald et al., 2002). ... When examining the contribution of newer atypical antipsychotic drugs, Curran et al. (2002) states "the newer atypical drugs are effective for the treatment of both positive and negative symptoms- (p. 80). ... In their report on guidelines for safe and effective use of antipsychotics i...

• Word Count: 2726
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Moreover, psychologists have duty of care and ethical obligations to conduct risk assessments for harm to self or others (APS, 2007) whereby diagnoses may alert for possible dangers (Corey, et al., 2011). ... In knowing the disorder has been experienced by others, individuals may normalise their potentially abnormal behaviour (Duncan, et al., 2007). ... Moreover, subjective biases that a psychologist may possess leaves questions about whether diagnosing a client with a mental illness generates challenges to treat an individual seen as damaged or 'genetically predisposed' to a partic...

• Word Count: 2149
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ralph and Jack could be viewed, as according to Jung's theory of collective unconsciousness, as archetypes of good and evil (Feldman et al. 2004), order and chaos. ... Conformity is a change in behaviour or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of others (Feldman et al. 2004). ... The more attractive a group is to its members, the greater its ability to produce conformity (Feldman et al 2004). ... Aggression involves intentionally inflicting injury or harm on another person (Feldman et al. 2004). ... Schizophrenia refers to a class of disorders ...

• Word Count: 1880
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

(Chapman & Chapman, 1973; Patterson, et al., 1986, in Davidson, 2001) Some investigators believe that the cause of schizophrenia is a biochemical disorder in certain neurotransmitter systems in the brain. ... Magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI") have revealed that certain that schizophrenics suffer an enlargement of the ventricles, fluid filled cavities, in the brain, including parts of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and frontal and temporal lobes (Heckers, 1997; Jacobson, et al, 1997, from Gleitman, 1999, pg 770). These neuronal defects would obviously affect the brain and suggest the atypical...

• Word Count: 2225
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The reward/need satisfaction theory, (Byrne and Clore, 1970, cited in Cardwell et al., 2009) suggests that relationships are formed with those who satisfy our social and or psychological needs. ... In a study by Griffit and Guay (1969, in Bernstein et al., 2000) participants were asked to rate how much they liked an experimenter who had previously evaluated them on a task they had been given. ... Back et al., (2008, in Hogg and Vaughn, 2007) found that after randomly assigning students to particular seats, their initial ratings were more positive the closer they were seated. ... Cate et al., (...

• Word Count: 1926
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Hankins et al believes stressful life events appear to be linked to symptoms of psychopathology, such as schizophrenia or anxiety disorders. ... In another article by Jones et al describes how the neural diathesis- stress model ( its only difference shows to be biological than vulnerability-stress model ) explains the symptom fluctuations in psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia. ... His overall conclusion is that stress increases in cortisol levels to exacerbate the abnormality in dopamine that underlies the vulnerability which causes symptoms of psychopathology and makes the perso...

• Word Count: 851
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 4 system is based on the non-Kraepelinian model where disorders are seen as independent from one another. Categories of mental disorders are based on observable, phenotypic features rather than etiologies and neurobiological factors (Brown & Barlow, 2009; Watson, 2005). The DSMs categorical approach to disorders brings up questions about the validity of these categories. In the DSM 4, psychopathology is organized into general diagnostic classes of specific disorders and diagnostic subtypes. This type of classification of disorders...

• Word Count: 2163
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Saecker et al., 2010, p.960) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder is a condition that involves a learning impairment and behavioural problems, due to the fact that a child/ adolescent is unable to pay attention for a long period of time. ... (Fisher, Hawkridge, 2013, p.136) There is also a myth that states, ADHD only occurs in males, although that myth is false, ADD/ADHD occur more in males than in females (Saecker et al, 2010, p.970), it is a ratio of 2:1 in children and 1:6 in adults (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p.63). 50% to 80% of the times ADHD will continue into a pa...

• Word Count: 1209
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

It has been discussed that SGA have different side effects in both sexes, however, it has been difficult to determine because studies comparing the differences of the effects between the sexes are rare (Aichhorn et al., 2006). ... The counselor should do everything in their power to ensure medication compliance (Preston et al., 2013). ...

• Word Count: 843
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Around 3 million adolescents struggling with depression never get help they need because of prejudice about mental illness inadequate mental-health resources and wide spread ignorance about how emotional problems can wreck young lives (Wingert et al). ... Digestive problem such as dry Mouth nausea and diarrhea are some of the other problems a depressed person can face ("Understanding Depression").Few other warning signs of a depressed teen are physical complains like headache, frequent absences from school or a drop in grades, bouts of 3 shouting and crying, loss of interest ...

• Word Count: 777
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Considered the leading public health problem, the lifetime prevalence rate is high at approximately 1% of the population; the occurring rate is one in 4000 diagnosed per year with severe morbidity and significant mortality rates linked to a high numbers of suicides (Andreasen & Carpenter, 1993; Silverstein et al., 2006). ... Nevertheless, Davison et al (2004) (cited in Redshaw) discovered that schizophrenia led to a decline in social status, which supports the social drift hypothesis. ...

• Word Count: 3491
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstract Paranoid schizophrenia is one of five different types of schizophrenia, of which this paper will be most concentrated. Paranoid schizophrenia is a brain disorder that affects the way a person thinks, acts, and sees the world. People suffering from this disorder have a distorted perception of reality. With any disorder, there is usually both therapy as well as medication used for treatment. In most cases, both medication and therapy work better than just one form. ...

• Word Count: 2064
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstract Depression is more than just sadness and can have a serious impact on one's life, it is a debilitating disease. This paper will explain how depression has been treated throughout mankind. It will explore the understandings of how depressions was discovered and what people believed triggered it. University Health Services at Berkley believes there are 3 common symptoms of depression; Physical, Behavioral, and Emotional. Depression doesn't have any boundaries, it can affect all ages, gender and races (Chronic Depression, Pettit, PhD, Joiner, PhD). ...

• Word Count: 2331
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety, eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse, and suicide, all of which can hide depressive symptoms (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996; Oster & Montgomery, 1996). ... For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). ...

• Word Count: 1418
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety, eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse, and suicide, all of which can hide depressive symptoms (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996; Oster & Montgomery, 1996). ... For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). ...

• Word Count: 1418
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The newer medication include olanzapine (Zyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal) and clozapine (Clozaril), (Lieberman et al., 2003). ... Other forms of treatment for psychosis include Psychological interventions, supportive psychotherapy, group therapy, individual cognitive behavior therapy and vocational counseling, (Lieberman et al., 2005). ...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If creativity is about imagination and original ideas, defining the word creativity is not creative. So how do we 'define' creativity? In modern society people tend to have systems, structures, organizations and definitions for everything. There are too many definitions of creativity due to the nature of it. According to Gomez in his article, What Do We Know About Creativity? ...

• Word Count: 2430
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As David Lukoff (1985) sites in his writing "The Diagnosis of Mystical Experience with Psychotic Features," the criteria for the label "psychotic" includes: "The phenomenology (imagery, cognitions) of the psychotic condition shares many characteristics with dream experiences (Hall, 1977), hallucinogenic drug trip (Kleinman et al, 1977), spiritual awakenings (Assigioli, 1981), near death experiences (Grof & Grof, 1980), and shamanistic experiences (Halifax, 1979). ...

• Word Count: 978
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Clinical effects of recent cocaine use on patients with acute schizophrenia Author: Serper, Mark R; Alpert, Murray Richardson, Nancy A Dickson, Sean et al Source: American Journal of Psychiatry v152n10 (Oct 1995): 1464-1469 ISSN: 0002-953X Number: 02580575 Copyright: Copyright American Psychiatric Association 1995 ...

• Word Count: 653
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Teenage depression is frequently illustrated as an invisible illness that has symptoms that easily mask one's negative emotions. It makes adolescence incredibly emotional and causes behavioral extremes. The severity of depression in a high school teenager can vary from person to person. Each individ...

• Word Count: 1193
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety, eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse and suicide (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996; Oster & Montgomery, 1996) all of which can hide depressive symptoms. ... For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations that could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). ...

• Word Count: 2516
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are several suicide risk assessment instruments. These are grouped as: self-rated suicide instruments, clinician-rated suicide instruments, self-rated buffers against suicide, special purpose scales, and children- and adolescent-focused instruments. Among these instruments, the most recommende...

• Word Count: 1717
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As many as 19 million Americans are affected by mood disorders (the two main types of mood disorders are bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder which are described as disturbances in mood, behavior and emotion). Bipolar disorder is a complex disorder in which the core feature is pathological...

• Word Count: 1664
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The experience of major depression is not solely a personal event especially when discussing young children- families are affected, school life is effected and certainly young children do not understand why it is they are feeling the way they are. When the sufferer is a child, the family is ultimate...

• Word Count: 2968
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate