Similarities in Challenges 3 Similarities in Challenges Facing Rural and Urban Youth Youth of the 90s are more likely to have experimented with alcohol, tobacco, and sex before their 15th birthday, and are more likely than ever to live in a family headed by a divorced or never-married parent (Barrons et al, 1997). ... In the same study, the top five concerns of rural students included education, family issues, war, violence and the environment (Barrons et al, 1997). ... These students show greater rates of behavioral problems, feelings of alienation and hopelessness, suicidal Similar...

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The BCS has been criticised by Genn et al (1987) for missing people living in hostels, bed-sit accommodation and the homeless, who themselves may be some of the highest risk categories in society. ... As Sellitz et al (1976) say " questionnaires can be sent through the post, where as interviewers cannot". ... The BCS does not calculate commercial or corporate crimes (shoplifting, vandalism and burglary) Kershaw et al (2001). ... The studies also suggested that people in these areas were more likely to be victims of certain crimes, The Islington crime survey (Jones et al 1986) found that house...

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Academic critiques of this evidence at the time would not support this idea though (Brennan, et al, 1995). This started a heated debate within the field of psychology, though no difference between those men with the extra Y chromosome was found in association to arrests for violent crime (Brennan, et al, 1995). ... The outcomes of many different adoption investigations have also discovered that there is more of a comparison in the criminal behaviour of sons and their natural fathers than between sons and their adoptive fathers (Brennan, et al, 1995). ... Firstly the procedure of choosing...

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Positivist victimology is also concerned with 'victim proneness, 'victim precipitation' and the lifestyle of the victim, as Mendelsohn, (1963, cited in Davies et al. 2003) suggests that victims are somewhat culpable for the crimes that have been committed against them. ... (Davies, et al., 2003, pp. 3) The problem with this however, is that criminal statistics provided by the government departments and victimisation surveys do not accurately portray the 'dark figure' of crime. ... (Davies, et al., 2003, pp. 3) However, this appears to be the only value it has added ...

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Embezzlements are generally committed by one of three methods: By trickery, deceit or misrepresentation (e.g. account holder or rightful owner impersonation, official seals of fake accounts); by documents (e.g. check, "authorization note", power of attorney); and by technology (e.g. on-line computer, FAX machines, ATM access)(Weisburd et al., 1991). ... It is often believed to be more "convenient" to allow an embezzler to terminate employment and voluntarily repay the loss than to file a crime report and become involved with the criminal justice process (Weisburd et al., 1991). ... The misu...

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This work was continued by Sheldon and Stevens (1942) and Sheldon et al (1949) who identified three basic body types; endomorphs, who are fat and soft; ectomorphs, who are thin and fragile and mesomorphs, who are muscular and hard. ... Another possible problem with the theory is that psychologists (McGurk et al, 1981) have isolated personality traits which are related to criminal behaviour but not identified by Eysenck. ... Bartol et al (1979) tested 398 inmates, most of African-American and Hispanic origins using the EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). ...

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To be sure, rates of violent juvenile behavior increased in some cities in the 1980s and early 1990s, including Pittsburgh (Loeber, Farrington, Stouthamer-Loeber et al., 2008) and Denver (Huizinga, Weiher, Espiritu, & Esbensen, 2003). ... A recent study (Mulvey, Steinberg, Piquero et al., 2010) of more than one thousand adolescents adjudicated for serious offenses in Philadelphia (Philadelphia County) and in Phoenix (Maricopa County) found that juvenile justice system services and supervision reduced their level of involvement in antisocial activities. ... Juvenile court-based services were m...

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In the United States " [a] public school student is suspended every second and a half, and a recent study found that 95 percent of out-of-school suspensions are for nonviolent, minor disruptions such as tardiness or disrespect" (Fine et al., 2003).  ... In this setting, the policies were defined as "a school or district policy that mandates predetermined consequences or punishments for specific offenses" (Kang-Brown et al., 2011). ... While policing in schools became increasingly more common and school administrators frequently transferred responsibilities of student disci...

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It is irrelevant at one level whether crime is really increasing or not (Ericson et. al, 1991: 285). ... The newswire is a vital source of stories that can be re-edited to fulfill the daily requirement of putting out a newspaper (Ericson et. al, 1991: 43). ...

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A person who violates or breaks the law is classified as law breakers, criminal offenders, perpetrator, convict, jailbird and etc. The right retribution for villainous crime such as rape, robbery, murder, kidnapping and other crime of extreme violence is imprisonment. According to the International ...

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Community Work Program on crime and violence is a very unique one. There are many times when there is crime in a public workplace, but how do we prevent the crime and violence? Many public employment programs (PEPs) have been established to manage the public work programs, and are there to respond t...

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Juvenile Reform: On the Right Track? Fifteen people were found dead, and over twenty-three were left wounded. Two gunmen, part of the Trenchcoat Mafia, walked into their school at 11:30 am in Littleton, Colorado and started firing. Although this is not an everyday occurrence, juvenile delinquency...

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(Question 1) Juvenile delinquency is a complex social problem that significantly impacts all members and processes of a social structure. Delinquency refers to a set of behaviors that are not in line with the collective practices and/or ethics of the dominant social group. Essentially, these behaviors deviate from societal norms and more specifically they violate established criminal codes and laws. Juvenile delinquency incorporates not only general criminal activity but conduct that is only unlawful for youths such as running away from home and skipping school. Current research into th...

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This perspective has had a great influence on policymaking and has led to what some see as a "negative preoccupation with retribution and punishment" (Taylor P, et al 2000, pg 488) Another reason for crime is due to collapse of sense of community. ...

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According to Siegel et al (2008) "Individuals will commit crimes when they believe their actions will go undetected by guardians such as police, security guards, neighbours, teachers, or homeowners. ...

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