Academic critiques of this evidence at the time would not support this idea though (Brennan, et al, 1995). This started a heated debate within the field of psychology, though no difference between those men with the extra Y chromosome was found in association to arrests for violent crime (Brennan, et al, 1995). ... The outcomes of many different adoption investigations have also discovered that there is more of a comparison in the criminal behaviour of sons and their natural fathers than between sons and their adoptive fathers (Brennan, et al, 1995). ... Firstly the procedure of choosing...

• Word Count: 3709
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Due to the overwhelming caseloads processed through the court system, the needs of the offender for additional treatment (i.e., drug addiction, mental illness, alcohol abuse) find themselves incarcerated in an already overcrowded jail or prison with little or no treatment programs to address their i...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He believed that 'behaviour, including crime, is a social product, a result of interactions and patterns of learning that occur in the intimate personal groups and surrounding social circumstances that encapsulate the individual' (Hale et al. 2013: 123). ... This experiment was conducted in the way that 'a group of infants watched a film depicting an adult violently attacking a rubber 'Bobo' doll' (Hale et al. 2013: 124). ...

• Word Count: 3847
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This is based on the assumption that offenders' that fear of punishment will refrain them from criminal behaviour (Davies et al, 2005). ... Deterrence does not concern itself with the issue of fairness and justice compared with retribution but instead the question of effectiveness (Davies et al, 2005). ...

• Word Count: 3653
• Approx Pages: 15
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This work was continued by Sheldon and Stevens (1942) and Sheldon et al (1949) who identified three basic body types; endomorphs, who are fat and soft; ectomorphs, who are thin and fragile and mesomorphs, who are muscular and hard. ... Another possible problem with the theory is that psychologists (McGurk et al, 1981) have isolated personality traits which are related to criminal behaviour but not identified by Eysenck. ... Bartol et al (1979) tested 398 inmates, most of African-American and Hispanic origins using the EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). ...

• Word Count: 2818
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Of these, 137 were sentenced to death, twenty-five were actually executed, sixty-one served more than ten years in jail, and seven died while in prison (Rein et al. 77). ... Liebman states that "American capital sentences are so persistently and systematically fraught with error" (Liebman et al., par. 2). ... The Bureau of Justice Statistics reported a total of 3,219 prisoners awaiting execution as of December 1996, a 5 percent increase over the previous year (Rein et al. 67). ... e is imposed to the last inspection and execution (Liebman et al., par. 13). ...

• Word Count: 2692
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

In the United States " [a] public school student is suspended every second and a half, and a recent study found that 95 percent of out-of-school suspensions are for nonviolent, minor disruptions such as tardiness or disrespect" (Fine et al., 2003).  ... In this setting, the policies were defined as "a school or district policy that mandates predetermined consequences or punishments for specific offenses" (Kang-Brown et al., 2011). ... While policing in schools became increasingly more common and school administrators frequently transferred responsibilities of student disci...

• Word Count: 4044
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Juvenile Reform: On the Right Track? Fifteen people were found dead, and over twenty-three were left wounded. Two gunmen, part of the Trenchcoat Mafia, walked into their school at 11:30 am in Littleton, Colorado and started firing. Although this is not an everyday occurrence, juvenile delinquency...

• Word Count: 2903
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A study of the rates of victimisation of Indigenous Australians found that Aboriginal women were 10.7 times more likely to be victims of violent crime than non-Aboriginal women (Harding et al. 1995, pp. 20-3). ...

• Word Count: 3415
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Question 1) Juvenile delinquency is a complex social problem that significantly impacts all members and processes of a social structure. Delinquency refers to a set of behaviors that are not in line with the collective practices and/or ethics of the dominant social group. Essentially, these behaviors deviate from societal norms and more specifically they violate established criminal codes and laws. Juvenile delinquency incorporates not only general criminal activity but conduct that is only unlawful for youths such as running away from home and skipping school. Current research into th...

• Word Count: 8199
• Approx Pages: 33
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This perspective has had a great influence on policymaking and has led to what some see as a "negative preoccupation with retribution and punishment" (Taylor P, et al 2000, pg 488) Another reason for crime is due to collapse of sense of community. ...

• Word Count: 2617
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Research reports are divided on the causes of school violence. Some refer to family situations. They say that when students are likely to live in poverty, witness drug abuse at home, have parents arrested and/or sent to prison, then it is not surprising how many students behave well, rather than some of them are violent. Access to weapons seems a clear cut cause or contributor to school violence. Crimes with guns and knives wouldn't take place without the students having access to those weapons. ...

• Word Count: 2600
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to Siegel et al (2008) "Individuals will commit crimes when they believe their actions will go undetected by guardians such as police, security guards, neighbours, teachers, or homeowners. ...

• Word Count: 2830
• Approx Pages: 11
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ATL 130 04/12/2001 Capital Punishment: The Abolitionist View "Historically, the death penalty always has been with us in some fashion. In ancient times, it was meted out of those who propagated radical ideas that threatened the political establishment. The death penalty has existed throughout the course of our nation's history and always has been a staple of our judicial system. In 1695, Captain George Kendall became the first adult to be executed in the Jamestown colony of Virginia. He was executed for being a spy for Spain." ...

• Word Count: 3235
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

The link between drug use and crime is not a new one and numerous studies show that drugs use directly relates to crime in multiple ways. First of all, and most directly, it is a crime to use, possess, manufacture, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse (such as cocaine, her...

• Word Count: 2815
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate