Nathan et al., (1999) found supersensitive melatonin suppression to light in BD patients (p < .05), as well as in people suffering from seasonal affective disorder (p < .05). ... In a study conducted by Lewy et al., (1985) nocturnal melatonin levels dropped to twice as much as the rates of controls when exposed to light during the night, thus concurring with Nathan et al., (1998) suggesting that supersensitivity to light may be a trait marker for BD. Other investigations (Monteleone et al., 1995; Lam et al., 1990; Hallam et al., 2002) additionally support this theory. ...

• Word Count: 2287
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 4 system is based on the non-Kraepelinian model where disorders are seen as independent from one another. Categories of mental disorders are based on observable, phenotypic features rather than etiologies and neurobiological factors (Brown & Barlow, 2009; Watson, 2005). The DSMs categorical approach to disorders brings up questions about the validity of these categories. In the DSM 4, psychopathology is organized into general diagnostic classes of specific disorders and diagnostic subtypes. This type of classification of disorders...

• Word Count: 2163
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Around 3 million adolescents struggling with depression never get help they need because of prejudice about mental illness inadequate mental-health resources and wide spread ignorance about how emotional problems can wreck young lives (Wingert et al). ... Digestive problem such as dry Mouth nausea and diarrhea are some of the other problems a depressed person can face ("Understanding Depression").Few other warning signs of a depressed teen are physical complains like headache, frequent absences from school or a drop in grades, bouts of 3 shouting and crying, loss of interest ...

• Word Count: 777
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstract Depression is more than just sadness and can have a serious impact on one's life, it is a debilitating disease. This paper will explain how depression has been treated throughout mankind. It will explore the understandings of how depressions was discovered and what people believed triggered it. University Health Services at Berkley believes there are 3 common symptoms of depression; Physical, Behavioral, and Emotional. Depression doesn't have any boundaries, it can affect all ages, gender and races (Chronic Depression, Pettit, PhD, Joiner, PhD). ...

• Word Count: 2331
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety, eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse, and suicide, all of which can hide depressive symptoms (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996; Oster & Montgomery, 1996). ... For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). ...

• Word Count: 1418
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It only reaches hypomania, meaning below crazy, and they have to at least experience one hypomanic occasion in a year (Palsson et al. 1) It is pretty much the little brother of bipolar I. ... In rapid cycling, the pattern is at times random (Backlund et al. 3). ...

• Word Count: 1297
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety, eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse, and suicide, all of which can hide depressive symptoms (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996; Oster & Montgomery, 1996). ... For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). ...

• Word Count: 1418
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The newer medication include olanzapine (Zyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal) and clozapine (Clozaril), (Lieberman et al., 2003). ... Other forms of treatment for psychosis include Psychological interventions, supportive psychotherapy, group therapy, individual cognitive behavior therapy and vocational counseling, (Lieberman et al., 2005). ...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Preliminary evidence also suggests that the hypothyroidism may actually lead to rapid cycling (Bauer et al., 1990). ... Based on current data, the risk of a child with Ebsteins's anomaly being born to a mother who took Lithium during her first trimester of pregnancy is approximately 1 in 8,000, or 2.5 times that of the general population (Jacobson et al., 1992). ...

• Word Count: 1731
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Preliminary evidence also suggests that the hypothyroidism may actually lead to rapid cycling (Bauer et al., 1990). ... Based on current data, the risk of a child with Ebsteins's anomaly being born to a mother who took Lithium during her first trimester of pregnancy is approximately 1 in 8,000, or 2.5 times that of the general population (Jacobson et al., 1992). ...

• Word Count: 1731
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Every 53 seconds someone has a stroke; a stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain, resulting in damaged brain tissue. If the flow of blood in an artery supplying the brain is interrupted for longer than a few seconds, brain cells can die, causing permanent damage - b...

• Word Count: 2434
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Teenage depression is frequently illustrated as an invisible illness that has symptoms that easily mask one's negative emotions. It makes adolescence incredibly emotional and causes behavioral extremes. The severity of depression in a high school teenager can vary from person to person. Each individ...

• Word Count: 1193
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety, eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse and suicide (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996; Oster & Montgomery, 1996) all of which can hide depressive symptoms. ... For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations that could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). ...

• Word Count: 2516
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are several suicide risk assessment instruments. These are grouped as: self-rated suicide instruments, clinician-rated suicide instruments, self-rated buffers against suicide, special purpose scales, and children- and adolescent-focused instruments. Among these instruments, the most recommende...

• Word Count: 1717
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As many as 19 million Americans are affected by mood disorders (the two main types of mood disorders are bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder which are described as disturbances in mood, behavior and emotion). Bipolar disorder is a complex disorder in which the core feature is pathological...

• Word Count: 1664
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The experience of major depression is not solely a personal event especially when discussing young children- families are affected, school life is effected and certainly young children do not understand why it is they are feeling the way they are. When the sufferer is a child, the family is ultimate...

• Word Count: 2968
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate