The modern era in Jewish thought was established by the alarmingly radical figure of seventeenth century philosopher, Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677), who influenced Enlightenment thought throughout Europe as part of an international ideological movement. ... Spinoza highlighted the tensions of enlightenment. ... These "Five Articles- of the English Deists make up the core of all religions and of Christianity in its primitive, uncorrupted form. ... The laws of nature were equated with the laws of God in Enlightenment thinking. ... Although a relatively unfamiliar notion in Western philosophy an...

• Word Count: 2438
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are many different ideas about what death actually is and what, if anything occurs thereafter. religions in general tend to propose some form of afterlife. there are, in contrast, philosophers and scientists who propose that there is nothing beyond death. ... The scientists and philosophers who see death as the end of existence, when both the connected mind and body perish, have been classified as materialists. ... Different religions and thinkers have proposed a variety of ways in which the mind or soul survives following the demise of the body. ... For Buddhists, the supreme aim is to ...

• Word Count: 1698
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Most people grow up in the shadow of at least one of the major religions, all of which suppose some kind of survival beyond death. ... The philosopher's life is then a practicing to die [67-68, 80e-81]. ... This enlightenment has been Socrates" life long goal of discovering the truth. ...

• Word Count: 1264
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School