They founded the Institut d'Egypte with the aim of propagating enlightenment values in Egypt through interdisciplinary work. ... Enlightenment thinkers such as Kant, Smith and Diderot were critical of the barbarity of colonialism and challenged the idea that Europeans had the obligation to ˜civilize' the rest of the world. However, before enlightenment thinkers could articulate a compelling critique of colonialism, they had to recognize the importance of culture and the possibility of cultural pluralism. ...

• Word Count: 4296
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In response to the new thinking that was sparked by the Enlightenment, Romanticism, the Industrial Revolution and other changes in society, bloody and peaceful revolutions took place all over Europe. ... This document showed the romantic views of French-Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as well as the Enlightenment's rationalism. ... A child of the Enlightenment and advanced in the ranks by the revolution, Napoleon strove to create a meritocracy, a domestic system based on skill and talent rather than artificial and inherited worth like the aristocracy. ... Before the French R...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate