The establishment of an effective Judicial System in the United States of America has come with numerous challenges over the past centuries. What is thought of as "probably the most important and the most satisfactory Act ever passed by Congress," the Judiciary Act of 1789 created for the people a system of courts that would ensure the presence of justice in the new American society. ... The best way to develop a possible answer to this question, however, can come with an examination of specific time periods in history involving the decisions made by the Court's members. ... The great...

• Word Count: 4341
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Looking back at what changed is a rather long process, but an important one as it is quite possibly the most important legal development in the history of the United States government. ... One of the biggest early tests of incorporation was the case of Barron v Baltimore. ... This case struck an early blow against the incorporation of the Bill of Rights to the states, as it set the precedent that states would not be held to it in the same way that the federal government would. ... You see these earlier cases that seem to be fairly to strongly anti-incorporation, but some cases in the future w...

• Word Count: 2594
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

1) While the Federalist and Republican parties were feuding and struggling for control of the growing country of America in 1800, the balance of power was beginning to tip. ... This election is correctly described in history as "the revolution of 1800". ... So for all intents and purposes, it could be said a revolution took place during the election of 1800, because from that point on the face of American government would never be the same. 2) The case of Marbury vs. ... The Whigs took their name from the party that in earlier England had been opposed to the Kings rule. ... Clay ca...

• Word Count: 2848
• Approx Pages: 11

David Rodriguez AP American History 9/26/03 Presidential Outline Thomas Jefferson I. ... He was then sent to the school of the Reverend James Maury at Hanover, Virginia, and spent two years studying Greek and Latin classics, history, literature, geography, and natural science. ... Three Americans were killed, and eighteen wounded British seized four deserters, three were American citizens. ... American Art began to take shape. 1. ... America's industries grew. ...

• Word Count: 2529
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

What is needed to improve the current educational system so that all Americans have an equal opportunity for education? ... Stories such as this are repeated over and over in the history of the civil rights movement in the United States: In January 1961, James Meredith, an African-American, applied for admission to the University of Mississippi. ... Did desegregation truly improve the quality of education African Americans received? In certain parts of the country, African American students benefited tremendously. ... In addition, studies indicate that the number of African America...

• Word Count: 6633
• Approx Pages: 27

Thurgood Marshall is the only black leader in American History who can argue that he defeated segregation where it really counts in court. ... Afro Americans from many cities would call upon Thurgood for his services. ... Thurgood was a visionary who help shape our American segregation culture. ... Norma was always telling stories to Thurgood about famous Afro Americans who help revitalize The Afro American culture. ... William Marshall explained to Thurgood, that Afro Americans are always treated badly by the police, and if an Afro American had to go to court they will always lose. ...

• Word Count: 3527
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Cothern analyzes the history of Supreme Court decisions in relation to capital punishment as well as an in depth view of juveniles sentenced to death. The criteria for sentencing a juvenile to death is evaluating the seriousness of the crime, the maturity of the juvenile and their environment, the juvenile's history, and the possibility for rehabilitation of the juvenile as well as the public safety issues. ... The juvenile death penalty has been subject to national debate and Cothern describes the history of the death penalty that has authorized 20,000 executions over the last 350 yea...

• Word Count: 4558
• Approx Pages: 18

This was important to the city because of the large protected population of protected minority groups (nearly 60% of the population are either African American or Hispanic) that live in the city. ... Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, it is illegal to discriminate in any aspect of the hiring process in employment. ... I believe that the evidence in the case shows that New Haven was aware of the potential issues with Title VII and the possibility of lawsuits from African American candidates. ...

• Word Count: 2855
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Few people were willing to challenge or defy societal norms, weary of being branded "un-American", and therefore, a communist. One reason for this fear was the popular witch hunt, led by Senator Joseph McCarthy, under the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). ... Despite this radical change in regard to race relations few other changes in the structure of American society occurred. This is perhaps, no more clear, than in the strict roles followed within the American family. ... This picture of the ideal family resulted in strict gender roles for both men and women, as well as, a ...

• Word Count: 3509
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Of course, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there were reports of numerous scandals and reports of kickbacks, and other various types of shady activity within corporations and the government. ... There were other corporate and political crimes being committed during this time in history, but this particular crime was one of the more famous cases. ... According to information in a textbook titled, American Public Policy: An Introduction, the biggest expenditures of "soft money" comes from special interest groups (Cochran et al. 156). ... Since America is slowly evolving to a c...

• Word Count: 2580
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

She chaired the American Civil Liberties Union's Women's Rights Project in the 1970s, arguing gender equal protection cases to the Supreme Court. ... Constitutional history as the extension of original rights to once-excluded groups. ... Early in his career, Kennedy authored two Fourth Amendment drug testing cases which demonstrated his ideological similarity with President Reagan. ...

• Word Count: 4693
• Approx Pages: 19

At the beginning of our national history, it was written in our earliest state and national constitutions that "all men are born free and equal, and have natural, essential, and unalienable rights." ... The underlying idea, one that is deeply ingrained in at least the Anglo-American system of jurisprudence, is that the State with all its resources and power should not be allowed to make repeated attempts to convict an individual for an alleged offense, thereby subjecting him to embarrassment, expense and ordeal and compelling him to live in a continuing state of anxiety and insecurity, as well...

• Word Count: 3780
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Throughout history, there has been an everlasting conflict between having a broader or narrower interpretation of the US Constitution. ... In America, all citizens were protected by "all forms of religious expression, creedal, sectarian or nonsectarian, wherever and however taking place, except conduct which trenches upon the like freedoms of others or clearly and presently endangers the community's good order and security" (Rutledge). ...

• Word Count: 3421
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ferguson in 1896, many Americans decided to push for equality. ... First, drivers must treat African Americans with courtesy. ... Third, African American drivers must be employed on primarily black routes. With many African Americans using taxis or walking, the boycott turned out to be almost 100% effective. ... It brought about new support for the Civil Rights Movement in America and in the world. ...

• Word Count: 6511
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

With the birth of man comes the birth of crime and hence with the birth of crime is the origin of punishment. Punishments vary based on the seriousness of the offense; robbery can result to months in prison and murder can lead to the death of the convicted man. Many Americans share the same attitu...

• Word Count: 6785
• Approx Pages: 27
• Grade Level: High School