History Court Cases On January 1, 2009, Oscar Grant was shot and killed at Oakland train platform by Officer Johannes Mehserle. ... In earlier times, many jurisdictions were comprised of all white decision makers (Kansul, 2005:1). ... They have a disadvantage in regards to legal-process such as trial penalty, sentence reductions, criminal history, and a type of attorney. If an African-American defendant is convicted of harming a Caucasian victim there will be harsh consequences than an African-American committing crime against another African-American. ... An African- American defendant is...

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Capital punishment has been banned in most western countries, although, countries like the United States, despite earlier attempts to eliminate capital punishment have now had an increased amount of support from several states, in the use of capital punishment for serious offenses such as murder. ... Following in this report will be the laws and regulations that have been applied to abolish this act in Australia and also some of the debates, history, effects, and opinions on this very sensitive subject. ... It has been outlawed in Britain bit in America it is still allowed. ... In America,...

• Word Count: 3217
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For many people piracy adds an exciting thrill to maritime history with its adventure, romanticism, mysteriousness, and its alluring nature. ... They were following the very definition of crime with their acts of mutiny, destruction, and robbery.4 Pirates were a cause of chaos in Maritime History during the beginning of America, especially in the New England colonies, and religious authority used social and moral reasons to stop them. Reports of piracy began showing up and down the Colonial American coast. ... Crime and sin were related in society which often was used in conviction of crime...

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GUN CONTROL Since the days of the pioneers of the United States, firearms have been part of the American tradition as protection and a means of hunting or sport. ... It is also argued that by making it difficult for guns to be bought and registered for the American public there is a threat to the personal safety of American families everywhere. ... In 1988 there were 9000 handgun-related murders in America. Metropolitan Centers and some suburban communities of America are setting new records for homicides by handguns. ... AGAINST GUN CONTROL The National Crime Survey estimates that 83 pe...

• Word Count: 5482
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• Grade Level: High School

Brief History It is important to look at a brief history of gangs in order to gain an understanding of how they evolved in what they are today. The presence of gangs in societies dates back to the early fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in Europe. ... After WW II, African-American, Puerto Rican, and Mexican-American gained power, especially in the northern cities. ... As the Vietnam War died down African-American, Caucasian, and Hispanic gangs reemerged. ... Thus, children are taught early that they are not responsible for their actions. ...

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• Grade Level: High School

Although this is not an everyday occurrence, juvenile delinquency has been a part of our history forever. ... To fully understand the necessary changes needed, is it important to know the history of the juvenile justice system, along with a specific understanding of the word "juvenile". ... Early intervention is also another area dealing with programs that needs to be more developed and emphasized. Early intervention can be looked at in numerous different ways, but no matter how you view it, early intervention really has an impact on a child's life. ... In another study done by Peter ...

• Word Count: 2903
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The organization of crime, trafficking of alcohol, extortion, bribery, assault, and murder were examples of the types of crimes committed during America's Prohibition Era. This bears a resemblance to the types of crimes occurring today arising from the prohibition of marijuana in North America. ... While it is illegal in North America, you can find its use prevalent in the Netherlands, specifically Amsterdam. ... The French sociologist Emile Durkheim considered crime to be a primary component of society and a "normal" social phenomenon in that it has existed in all societies and cultur...

• Word Count: 2766
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

By the early 1950's most of the states in America had their own waiver statues for juveniles, which were decided on a case-by-case basis within the court. ... Prior delinquency history is also looked at and factored into the waiver process. ... Although waiver standards and evidentiary factors vary from state to state, most take into account both the nature of the alleged crime and the individual youth's age, maturity, history, and rehabilitative prospects. " [Off11] In their own way, all three waivers are designed to ensure that juvenile offenders aren't waived to criminal co...

• Word Count: 3373
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Cothern analyzes the history of Supreme Court decisions in relation to capital punishment as well as an in depth view of juveniles sentenced to death. The criteria for sentencing a juvenile to death is evaluating the seriousness of the crime, the maturity of the juvenile and their environment, the juvenile's history, and the possibility for rehabilitation of the juvenile as well as the public safety issues. ... The juvenile death penalty has been subject to national debate and Cothern describes the history of the death penalty that has authorized 20,000 executions over the last 350 yea...

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In the next few paragraphs I will try to describe how my work history never compared to my goals and expectations of my dreams, and hopefully come to some conclusions on where they lead me. ... This system is best evidenced in early England. ... The new nation of Canada was taking shape and now was responsible for a vast portion of the North American continent. ... The force was modeled after the Royal Irish Constabulary and it seemed that the Americans would respond much easier than to a military force in the west. ... Some of the problems that the early police officers had to dea...

• Word Count: 4766
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• Grade Level: High School

She discusses the effects of poverty, race, political agendas and injustices of the American legal system on a death sentence verdict, while questioning societies moral justification of its actions. ... In 1989 37.7 million working American, accounting for 39 percent of the total of income tax returns, received had incomes below $15,000. ... By 1990 1.1 million American were behind bars, the highest confinement rate in the world , with 99 percent of those on death row, poor. ... Both Pat and Robert were raised in single parent families, Pat's father had died at an early age, and Rober...

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The purpose of the death penalty is to protect the right of Americans to live. If the purpose of the death penalty is to protect the lives of Americans, then the people that it is supposed to protect should be the focal point. ...

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Conventional practice has long associated early preventive measures with positive delinquency reduction results. ... Social service professionals who frequently come into contact with children must be especially vigilant in order to detect the presence of any of the possibly contributory conditions mentioned above and to refer families to appropriate sources of assistance as early as possible. ...

• Word Count: 8199
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Sutherland originally came to the University of Chicago as a history major, but soon changed his major to sociology due to the University of Chicago's influence on social environment's factors on a person's behavior (Williams and Mcshane, 2004). ... The life history theme was the last of these three major influences of differential association. ...

• Word Count: 5291
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, by maintaining the status quo the American justice system might have a more negative impact if we do not find alternative solutions. ... Early results from studies show that these types of courts are having a positive impact on the lives of offenders and victims (Bureau of Justice Association). ... Supervision is most intensive at program entry, perhaps involving weekly or biweekly appearances before the judge, but becomes less frequent in response to early progress. ...

• Word Count: 4011
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In early part of the century, there were signs of growth in the academic legal community that recognized this need for change. For instance, at that time, the Harvard Law Professor, Roscoe Pound, in Criminal Justice in America argued that the justice system in the United States relied too much on the punitive justice and this was not serving the society in the long-run. ... Punishment and sentencing are conceptually distinct, although punishment has been the most common element of sentencing throughout history. ...

• Word Count: 4107
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate