"American Penology,"" by Thomas G. ... One thing that I found of particular interest, was the description of the transition (or shift) of punishment through the history of the United States. In this reaction paper, I'll cover Chapters 2, 3 and 7 and will discuss criminal punishment in terms of its purpose and the methods that have been deemed appropriate during the course of American history. ... The early colonists did not perceive crime to be a social problem; instead, they considered crime to be "a predictable consequence of a fallen world and active forces of the devil." ... Chapter...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This was one of the early mechanisms that Sophn suggests that essentially created the need for a formal court system (Soph, 2011). ... One example of conflict between citizens that stands out in recent history is the events of the Boston marathon bombing. ... Courts in America deal with law (Baum, 2012, pg. 1). ... This law was enacted in response to soaring crime rates during the mid 1980's and early 1990's (Walsh, 2007, pg.1). ... The courts in America are contri...

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• Grade Level: High School

Racial profiling primarily affects African-Americans and Hispanics. ... The history behind what is known as racial profiling started back in the mid to early 1980's as a tool to fight drug trafficking. ... Statistically speaking, blacks create a disproportionate amount of the crime in America. According to the Wall Street Journal, March 11th, 1999, blacks are only 12% of the American population. ... "African-Americans are 13% of drug users, 37% of arrests, 55% of the convicted and 77% of those sentenced for drug related crimes". ...

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"American History X" is a movie that was made in the year of 1998. ... The next morning Derek walks Danny to school and when Danny gets to school he walks into the bathroom and is shot by a black kid who he had confliction with earlier in the movie. ...

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• Grade Level: High School

The history of racial disparity in the Criminal Justice System in the U.S has been longstanding. ... Racist interests trying to create causality between the Civil Rights Movement and an increase in crime is yet another early example of the issue of race being inextricably linked to crime and thus the Criminal Justice System. In earlier times, courtrooms in many jurisdictions were comprised of all white decision makers. ... Many may feel that the United States has overcome its racist history; on the contrary the legacies of colonialism, slavery and racism still affect our policies and practice...

• Word Count: 1374
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

How much does it really mean for society and the common security that children are now at are now introduced to firearms in an earlier age? ... Because of the recent history of terrorism and the rise of crime and newer adopted laws in some states, we can now state that it has become even easier for an American to acquire a weapon. ... But when one of the major mistakes is completely legal, the so-called gun clubs in American schools, it seems like the Youth For Safety are on a "mission impossible.... When it comes to weapons in Denmark we can not compare ourselves with America. ...

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• Grade Level: High School

"The Exonerated" More than 13,000 people have been legally executed since colonial times, most of them in the early 20th Century. ... Virtually all are poor, a significant number are mentally retarded or otherwise mentally disabled, more than 40 percent are African American, and an inappropriate number are Native American, Latino and Asian. ... In the early 18th and 19th century the death penalty was inflicted in many ways. ... So I encourage you to indulge in the history and present of America's death penalty. ...

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• Grade Level: High School

The war on terrorisms has had many lost souls, this war has been the most expensive war is history and not a lot of countries are in favor of it. ... Although it is relatively new in the mainstream world, extremists have practiced terrorism to generate fear and compel a change in behavior throughout history. ... American policing has experienced a time of critical change and development. ... American police were gotten unconscious when the nation's security needs were profoundly adjusted by the terrorist assaults on American soil on September 11, 2001 (Universal Relationship of Head of P...

• Word Count: 1434
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

America has higher murder rates with the death penalty, than any of the European countries without the death penalty. ... Since 1973, 13 men have been executed in America from states such as Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Virginia, South Carolina, and Texas... Throughout history, minorites have been badly represented in our criminal justice system. In early America, blacks were lynched for any reason that could possibly be dreamed up with no concideration for due process of the law. ... African Americans and Caucasians are killed in primarily equal numbers b...

• Word Count: 1285
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• Grade Level: High School

For repeat offenders, this is becoming common in the American criminal justice system. ... In order for the room to be made, violent offenders are usually released early. ... Mandatory minimum sentences have a deep history in the American criminal justice system. ... Present day mandatory minimum sentencing laws were established during the early 1970's. ... Although an offender might not have any previous criminal history, he or she could be placed in a high-level category because of the amount of a substance involved. ...

• Word Count: 1958
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In order for one to fully understand the problems with the death penalty they must take a brief look at its history. ... Britain had the largest influence on America's use of the death penalty. ... As the history of the death penalty clearly exemplifies the death penalty is a tumultuous process. ... But at several times in history the United States has saw the death penalty as an unfit manner of going about justice but yet always seem to revert back. ... Executions resumed in 1977, and by the early 1990s nearly three thousand persons were under sentence of death and more than 180 had ...

• Word Count: 1564
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstract The O.J Simpson trial is known in history for being the 'trial of the century'. In the early 1990's, an all American hero turned brutal murderer overnight. ... O.J Simpson is known for perhaps being the most famous criminal defendant in American history. The trial also makes the list as one of the most famous trials in United States legal history. ... Orenthal James Simpson, also known as O.J, had a lot going for him in his early days. ...

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History Court Cases On January 1, 2009, Oscar Grant was shot and killed at Oakland train platform by Officer Johannes Mehserle. ... In earlier times, many jurisdictions were comprised of all white decision makers (Kansul, 2005:1). ... They have a disadvantage in regards to legal-process such as trial penalty, sentence reductions, criminal history, and a type of attorney. If an African-American defendant is convicted of harming a Caucasian victim there will be harsh consequences than an African-American committing crime against another African-American. ... An African- American defendant is...

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Capital punishment has been banned in most western countries, although, countries like the United States, despite earlier attempts to eliminate capital punishment have now had an increased amount of support from several states, in the use of capital punishment for serious offenses such as murder. ... Following in this report will be the laws and regulations that have been applied to abolish this act in Australia and also some of the debates, history, effects, and opinions on this very sensitive subject. ... It has been outlawed in Britain bit in America it is still allowed. ... In America,...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For many people piracy adds an exciting thrill to maritime history with its adventure, romanticism, mysteriousness, and its alluring nature. ... They were following the very definition of crime with their acts of mutiny, destruction, and robbery.4 Pirates were a cause of chaos in Maritime History during the beginning of America, especially in the New England colonies, and religious authority used social and moral reasons to stop them. Reports of piracy began showing up and down the Colonial American coast. ... Crime and sin were related in society which often was used in conviction of crime...

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First, they explain the history of Nathaniel Hawthorne. ... Nathaniel Hawthorne, born in Salem, Massachusetts, July 4, 1804 and died May 11, 1864, was the first American writer to apply artistic judgment to Puritan society. ... And like [Edgar Allen] Poe, he has remained a man of mystery in American literature, whose heart successive biographers have tried to bare, each one with a different expiation [ ] but coming to the conclusion that " his reticence comes from finding no solution to the problems that constantly beset him,"" said McPherson. ... Court records from the Plymouth Colony sti...

• Word Count: 1751
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• Grade Level: High School

The trial of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti for the Braintree, Massachusetts, shoe factory robbery and murders is the most politically charged murder case in the history of America. ... Earlier, Vanzetti was also charged with a holdup attempt that had taken place on December 24, 1919, in the nearby town of Bridgewater. ...

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The American institution has encountered numerous issues within its criminal justice system since its establishment in the U.S. The American juvenile justice system does not offer fair judgment when sentencing juvenile offenders to life sentences without parole. ... This issue of unfairly condemning younger individuals to life with no chance of getting an early parole is an issue that affects our society in different ways and poorly reflects the moral values the Criminal justice system demonstrates when dealing with juvenile offenders. It's important as members of American society to be a...

• Word Count: 1701
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In North America, and more specifically Canada, racism has become an issue of great debate over the years culiminating in many movements to end ineqaulity and racism and on the flipside, many movements to promote and spread racism and racial discourse througout society. ... It is also important however, to analyze the history of racism in Canada and observe how that has contributed to some of the racial "seeds" which can be found in the racism apparent today in Canadian society. Racism in Canada, especially dating back around a century and a half ago, has a long and dis...

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GUN CONTROL Since the days of the pioneers of the United States, firearms have been part of the American tradition as protection and a means of hunting or sport. ... It is also argued that by making it difficult for guns to be bought and registered for the American public there is a threat to the personal safety of American families everywhere. ... In 1988 there were 9000 handgun-related murders in America. Metropolitan Centers and some suburban communities of America are setting new records for homicides by handguns. ... AGAINST GUN CONTROL The National Crime Survey estimates that 83 pe...

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NYPD, A City and its Police is a book about the development of the New York City Police Department from the early 1800s to the new millennium. ... Thomas Byrnes" career as an officer was followed from his early patrolman days up to his retirement. ... Battle was the first African American to become a member of the NYPD. ... After his job rejection, Battle was involved in an incident involving a group of African Americans and a white cop. ... This book would appeal to an audience who enjoys exploring the history of law enforcement and the political system. ...

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There is no doubt that America has changed dramatically over the years, especially in the correctional system. When it came to the eighteenth century, it was a fascinating period in the history of capital punishment for crime [ CITATION Jac11 l 1033 ]. ... In the early 1800s, the jail system was used only to hold people awaiting trial, and people awaiting execution. ... As time went by Americans were reconsidering the functioning of punishment on practical, political, and philosophical grounds. ... Some Americans believed by changing the offender's environment could be capable of reformat...

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• Grade Level: High School

In this paper I will discuss the history of punishment in society that lead to the use of capital punishment. ... The History of Punishment Throughout history, we have developed many beliefs about punishment. ... During the early civilization B.C., penalties were disproportionate in relation to the crime and the focus was on deterrence of crime. ... Despite the fact that African Americans make up only 13 percent of the nation's population, almost fifty percent of those currently on the federal death row are African Americans (Death Penalty Information Center, 2015). ... If we look at the ...

• Word Count: 1818
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Early Origins of American Justice Until recently, there was little recognition that the agencies of criminal justice worked in concert or formed a system. ... The Modern Era of Justice The modern era of criminal justice study began with a series of explorations of the criminal justice process conducted under the auspices of the American Bar Foundation. ... Police and law enforcement Since their origin in early nineteenth century Britain, law enforcement agencies have been charged with peacekeeping, deterring potential criminals, and apprehending law violators. ... They may be mi...

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At various times in history, marijuana usage and growth was not such a bad thing as it is viewed today. ... It became bad when the Mexicans introduced it to America as an intoxicant at the recreational level in the 1920's. ... In the late 70's early 80's, too many people began to smoke marijuana. ... The section on marijuana not only cover its legal history, but also the steps on how to os cultivated and distributed. ... The bulk of Schlosser's research in this section is on the business life and the legal battles of Reuben Sturman; from his early years in expanding the...

• Word Count: 2124
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• Grade Level: High School