On the night of 17 July 1936, the Spanish army, inspired most of all by General Franco, started the Spanish Civil War by rebelling against the Second Republic. A central goal of the rebels was the destruction of left-wing organisations. Franco's fellow officer, General Queipo de Llano, instructed his subordinates on how to treat the 'Bolshevik' activist with this chilling sentence: 'I authorise you to kill him like a dog and you will be free of all responsibility'. Attitudes such as this made the war a terrible tragedy: before its end, in April 1939, 325,000 had died i...

• Word Count: 3763
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Indeed, these countries were ruled by a single mass party controlling the economy, the media and the arms of a state controlled through terror and a fixed ideology ; which, according to Carl Friedrich (a political thinker), define the features of a totalitarian state. ... This race, according to Hitler, only encompassed the 100% german and Nazi people, and excluded every other ethnic group or political views such as Judaism and Communism. ...

• Word Count: 2961
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Former Chancellor Heinrich Bruening said in a campaign speech that communism could only be successfully overcome by those 'who bring proof of being capable of thinking and acting in a community of spirit inspired by true Christianity.'...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate