In England in 1929 the term was used to describe both Fascist (Italy and later Germany) and Communist (Soviet Union) states. Indeed, these countries were ruled by a single mass party controlling the economy, the media and the arms of a state controlled through terror and a fixed ideology ; which, according to Carl Friedrich (a political thinker), define the features of a totalitarian state. ... The guideline of this ideology was the supremacy of the Aryan race. ... However, the Nazi's ideology toward the women was different from the men. ... They were known as very violent and were ruled ...

• Word Count: 2961
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Hitler justified his decision by arguing that he was attempting to save Europe from "communist barbarism". ... The Soviet Union provided considerable help to the Spanish Communist Party to improve its position in the Popular Front government. This included the removal of the socialist Francisco Largo Caballero as prime minister and replacing him with the communist sympathizer, Juan Negrin. ...

• Word Count: 3763
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Like many European nations, Italy emerged from the First World War as a democracy in distress. Italy was on the winning side, but the war had cost nearly 700,000 Italian lives and over $15 billion. Moreover, Italy had received secret promises of specific territorial gains during the war, only to find those promises withdrawn when they con- flicted with principles of self-determination. Italian claims to the west coast of the Adriatic, for instance, were denied by Yugoslavia. Italy received most of the Austrian territories it demanded, but many maintained that these were inadequate rewards for ...

• Word Count: 5609
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To answer this we must look at the ideology and policies of the Front National and why they have attracted ,and maintained, voters: Ideologies and Policies of the FN and Factors That Gained Them Votes: Are the FN a fascist organisation? ... He tells us that many people believe the FN's rise is due to: " An ultra-conservative reaction to the radicalization of politics in the aftermath of Mitterrand's victory in May 1981 The parties of the mainstream right appeared lacklustre in their opposition to the Socialist's radical reform programme of 1981-...

• Word Count: 2764
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School