When the Juvenile Justice System was created in the nineteenth century the idea was to create a place where children were still punished for criminality, yet would not be subject to the harshness of being in the adult criminal courts. ... This came about with the idea that certain juvenile offenders can, and do, sometimes commit such heinous criminal acts that they should be subjected to criminal adult court. ... This effectively mandates the transfer of juveniles who commit those offenses to adult criminal court. ... It is a serious undertaking to waive a juvenile up to criminal court. ... Al...

• Word Count: 3373
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It originally referred to death by decapitation, but now applies generally to state sanctioned executions. ... (Michael Victory, END OF THE LINE 1994) Now the sentence of life imprisonment (in some states penal servitude for life', strict security life imprisonment', or for the term of his natural life') has become the most severe sanction authorized by Australian law. In most of the industrialized world, capital punishment is not used to punish criminals, yet debate on this topic has not abated. ... Under Commonwealth law, the death penalty was abolished in 1973 by s.4 of the ...

• Word Count: 2841
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These straightforward definitions of crime, criminals, and criminal law; however, one must not be mislead one to believe that the science and study of criminal law is simplistic in nature. Academics, legal practitioners, and even Judges often disagree on many aspects of criminal law, including the proper sanctions to be placed on criminals. ... Sentencing is only one aspect of criminal process. ... As Alan Manson explains, "[s]entencing connotes a process for determining an appropriate sanction after a finding of criminal responsibility. ... That is, where there are legal burdens and san...

• Word Count: 4107
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The goal of problem-solving courts is to identify and address underlying problems of the defendants, victims, and communities that lead to criminal behavior. ... Drawing on classic behavioral modification techniques, the judge applies a system of graduated sanctions and incentives, such as community service, more frequent court appearances, or several days in jail for noncompliance; or verbal praise, journals, or gift certificates for progress. ... For example, if a person is sent to a drug treatment court with a drug addiction, the courts treat the addiction and address the underlying cause o...

• Word Count: 4011
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The only criminals who are subjected to the death penalty are capital offenders. Capital offenders are the criminals who commit murder. These criminals go to court. ... It set limits to criminals who murder in an aggravating way. ... It also does not deter criminals as suggested studies show. ...

• Word Count: 2651
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Crime is usually defined simply as a violation of the criminal law. ... Crime & deviance are overlapping in categories because criminal acts are often viewed as deviant acts. ... There are many different types of deviance, there is criminal and non-criminal. ... The sanctions are usually small fines. ... (Croall H 1992) Marxist criminals are simply a member of the oppressed proletariat. ...

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• Grade Level: High School

Historically, criminals convicted of these crimes were dealt with in different ways, some of which are sentenced to death. ... When arguing for the death penalty examples are incapacitation of the criminal. ... It is obvious that dead criminals can not commit any further crimes, either within prison or after being released from it. ... These expenses are as a result of the lengthy appeal processes that are given to criminals, and also towards any court appointed attorneys. ... Further on, upon prosecution and execution of the criminal, the case remains closed, meanwhile the real criminal is ...

• Word Count: 3217
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Sanctions for criminal behavior tended to be public events which included whipping, branding, physical torture and even execution. This was designed to shame the criminal and deter others. ... In 1967 the Criminal Justice Act introduced the suspended prison sentence. ... This is based on the assumption that offenders' that fear of punishment will refrain them from criminal behaviour (Davies et al, 2005). ... In 2010, the justice secretary Kenneth Clarke announced that fewer criminals were to be given custodial sentences and more alternative sentences should be given as prison was nothing...

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However, piracy is just the practice of a pirate: these pirates conducted robbery or illegal violence at sea; violence and crimes that killed, hurt, and affected the lives of others.1 Legally, crime is broken into three different parts: mens rea, the mental state of mind the criminal had during the crime; actus reus, the acts that are criminally committed; and locus, when and where the crime happened.2 These three things made the task of classifying a pirate as a criminal an extremely difficult one because the acts committed were inconsistent and the location of the crime was even less consis...

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During the height of voter fear generated by the crack cocaine epidemic, state and federal lawmakers dramatically increased both prosecutorial power and criminal sanctions in drug cases. ... Twenty three years later, these policies have had significant effects on the criminal justice system, most of them negative. ... It must be noted that even these reforms are handicapped to varying degrees by the continued involvement of the criminal justice system in treatment programs. ... This study found high rates of criminality among users during periods of active drug use and much lower rates during...

• Word Count: 2815
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Society's perception of victims, criminals, deviants and punishment is influenced by their portrayal in the mass media. ... Some have argued that the media creates misconceptions about, crime, criminals and victims. Surely it would seem at face value that crime news almost always over-represents violent and sexual crimes, while under-representing other forms of criminality. ... Since most of society have little direct knowledge or experience of criminally victimising others or being criminally victimised, their awareness is to a large extent obtained from secondary sources. ... They off...

• Word Count: 2855
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Signs of disorderly and petty criminal behavior trigger other disorderly and petty criminal problems to spread. ... People were in fear of leaving their homes and had fear of taking public transportation because of lurking criminals. ... Kelling called, "How New York Became Safe: The Full Story: A citywide effort, involving many agencies and institutions, helped restore order ", he mentions that "Nathan Glazer first gave it voice in a 1979 Public Interest article, "On Subway Graffiti in New York, " arguing that graffitists, other disorderly persons, and criminals "who rob, rape, assault, and ...

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Big rallies were held for all to see what shame criminals brought onto themselves. ... "For example, the HOPE (Hawaii's Opportunity Probation with Enforcement) program, started by a former federal prosecutor in Hawaii, conducts frequent drug tests backed-up by swift and certain sanctions for violations, usually a few days in jail" (ROC). ... By giving criminal the substance abuse treatment they need it would help them and many more stay out of the prison system and out of other illegal activities. ... Criminal activity has a very wide range of unjustifiable behaviors, and one of...

• Word Count: 2658
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• Has Bibliography