Throughout the 70s, 80s and 90s CSOs expanded and refined and whole plethora of community-based penalties were developed. ... It should also be noted that crime rates fell by 43% between 1997 and 2010 with violent crimes falling by 42% whilst under the new government (www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk). ... These models that are based on moral philosophies that when applied, link a desired outcome to the punishment. ... But does prison really prevent further crime? ... This is based on the assumption that offenders' that fear of punishment will refrain them from criminal behaviour (Davies et...

• Word Count: 3653
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography

Although in the past, the number of crimes that were subjected to capital punishment, defined simply as the death penalty for a crime, were outrageous. ... That resulted in the narrowing down of the list of one hundred crimes to twelve, punishable by the death penalty in 1833, and in 1869 it was cut down yet again to just three: treason, rape, and murder because of violent nature of these crimes. ... Other practices included disparate questioning of potential jurors based on race, and a training memo instructing prosecutors on ways to skew juries based on race." (www.aclu.org pg 1) This cas...

• Word Count: 2831
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Deterrence Leslie Cantu: Fear of death deters people from committing crimes, proponents say. ... The idea is that the death penalty does not deter crime. ... Opponents of the death penalty will argue that although it is said to exist as a crime deterrent, in reality it has no effect on crime at all. ... These individuals fall into the "crimes of passion" category. ... Many advocates of capital punishment base their opinions on his results, but what many of them do not know is that no one else besides Ehrlich has come up with the same results (Blumstein, 358). ...

• Word Count: 4694
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

Capital punishment fails to successfully fight crime and to construct a society that is free from crime. ... Much support for the death penalty is based on revenge. ... It is almost as if it scares the future criminals not to commit a crime. ... While they know that it is hard to base a case on deterrence, they say that there are prevailing reasons to carry out executions. ... The government needs to get serious about reducing crime and violence. ...

• Word Count: 2712
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Crimes occur in every society around the world. Historically, criminals convicted of these crimes were dealt with in different ways, some of which are sentenced to death. ... It is obvious that dead criminals can not commit any further crimes, either within prison or after being released from it. ... It is believed that fear of execution discourages people from committing crimes. ... Historically, many people have been wrongfully executed for crimes that they did not commit. ...

• Word Count: 3217
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Authored by the Justice Policy Institute, a Washington-based research and advocacy group, the study showed that in 2000 there were 791,000 men in jail or prison and 603,000 enrolled in colleges or universities. ... Immediately following the civil war, Black codes created a list of crimes punishable only when committed by black people. Mississippi made it a crime for African Americans to be unemployed or drunk, or to have run away, neglected children, or handled money carelessly. ... Police always found an innocent black man to blame for the crime since, as Douglass pointed out, all Negroes ...

• Word Count: 3043
• Approx Pages: 12

Violent crime abhors most of us, and outrages our sense of morality. ... For many, the response to crimes of a violent nature is calls to "get tough on crime". ... They claim the violence and immorality of the crime gives them a right to demand that they be able to do the same thing- to take the life of the perpetrator of the alleged crime. If a government commits murder, does it not commit a crime? ... The deterrent is based on the belief that people behave according to the consequences of their actions. ...

• Word Count: 2841
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The situation was similar to one in which Big Brother could tell what you were thinking, because the only crimes that were being punished so severely were crimes of the mind and soul. It was a crime to have been born in a foreign land and currently live in the nation of France. It was a crime to think that so much death was necessary for the survival of the nation. ... Once case in which several upper-middle class people were arrested for the crime of conspiracy against the government of France. ... In all there were twenty-five people arrested and put on trial for these crimes. ...

• Word Count: 5412
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

However, after the events on September eleventh just over a year ago, it became abundantly clear that the one thing we revere the most is our freedom and ability to choose in a democratically based republic. It is this ability to choose, and the mutual respect of other people's right to choose based in their own beliefs which makes picking and finding one single, moral, and ethical law to govern any situation a difficult task. ... It is ridiculous to say that our technology has advanced to the point at which we know the child can survive outside of the womb, and not consider that the te...

• Word Count: 4097
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School

They committed the crime; they can do the time. ... The political future of problem solving courts will depend on their efficiency and cost effectiveness as a response to crime. ... Specifically, the drug courts combine community-based substance abuse treatment and ongoing court oversight as an alternative to either incarceration or traditional probation. ... Therapeutic jurisprudence provides treatment services within those courts to help treat underlying cause of the crime. ...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Death penalty opponents state that "Those who support the death penalty see it as a solution to violent crime. ... In reality, executions are seen as the appropriate punishment for certain criminals committing specific crimes. ... It has been the main recourse against those who commit the most serious crimes. ... Therefore, any cost calculations should be based specifically on cell costs for criminals who have committed the exact same category of offense - in other words, cost comparisons are valid only if you compare the costs of life without parole cases to the cost of death penalty cases. ...

• Word Count: 2839
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Moreover, while large numbers of those in prison are there for crimes involving drugs, the availability to drugs on the streets is still a grave concern. ... When a prisoner is released, has he really paid for his crime? ... This issue is of concern not only to those whose lives have been touched by crime, but also to everyone else. ... "Most of my fellow inmates started off with petty crime, then they moved up to property crime, and finally they graduated to serious offenses against other humans,"" he says. ... While prisons may take criminals off the streets for a while, it seem that th...

• Word Count: 3038
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

In point of fact, as the eloquent testimony of soaring crime rates in Florida and Texas shows, society does not get better when the state kills killers. ... The practice of the death penalty weakens socially-based inhibitions against the taking of human life. ... During this break from public executions, the crime rate in the U.S. did not rise. ...

• Word Count: 2517
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Inmates have the right to be free from sexual crimes, including sexual harassment. ... The Eighth Amendment has been the topic of much controversy mostly concerning the death penalty, but it also covers the treatment of those convicted of crimes. It is thought that the Eighth Amendment was written to eliminate torture which had been used in dealing with those convicted of crimes. ...

• Word Count: 3147
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

The so-called "death penalty" has been around since the ancient Greek times, when Socrates, at the age of 70, was brought to trial and charged with "not believing in the gods the state believed in, introducing different new divine powers, and corrupting the young. Socrates was summoned to drink t...

• Word Count: 2651
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The primary question that will determine the direction of this research paper is: What are the political, social, and economic implications of basing the operation of a prison on a purely profit motivation? ... In the 1996 Immigration Reform Act, Congress widely expanded the list of crimes for which a noncitizen must be deported after serving his or her sentence. These crimes, called "aggravated felonies," are now defined to include many offenses that are neither aggravated nor even, in many other jurisdictions, felonies. This has fueled an all-out campaign to find crime-committing immigrants ...

• Word Count: 3333
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Other prisoners offer faith-based rehabilitation programs, using faith and religion to encourage prisoners to change their lifestyles towards a moral existence (Langford, 2011). ... Although prisoner rehabilitation does not guarantee the release of an inmate or that they will live the rest of their lives without committing another crime, the idea is that the inmate will use these new found mental and physical skills combined with the desire not to go back to prison as an incentive. ... The purpose of the OCP is to identify innovative, evidence-based programming for offenders, and strengthening...

• Word Count: 3007
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Plea bargaining in the United States is one of the most controversial issues due to the fact that the practice of plea bargaining is necessary because of the United States high crime rates, and insufficient facilities and personnel to try all cases. ... These motives involved items dealing with pressure from the prosecutor, acceptance of responsibility for the crime, pragmatic reasons, etc. ... Pressure from the prosecutor came in a variety of forms including direct external pressure, intimidating the defendant with several crimes, and severe punishment [Bor851]. ... According to Maynard (1984...

• Word Count: 3937
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

All citizens are expected to act in accordance to the Muslim faith as it pertains to worship (strict prayer times throughout the day), fashion (women must wear the hejab and chador in public), education (no Western literature, curriculum taught in accordance with the revisions brought about by the Cultural Revolution, required Religion courses based on the Koran) and social conduct (men cannot look women who are not considered close family members in the eyes). ... It is her view that she has the right to be respected and heard as it pertains to the crimes she has been charged with. ... Marin...

• Word Count: 2538
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

The focus of this paper is to draw the focus of how we live in a society where it seems as though the children of tomorrow are left behind your children. This paper brings to light how I feel towards our society's lack of understanding these youths and I chose this topic through my own siblings struggles with the norms of society. This paper offers many varieties and ways in which the use of token economy is very beneficial to the development of the minds of these delinquents when have abandoned, because the act outside the confines of societies rules and regulations. This paper focusses ...

• Word Count: 3177
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate