The laws do not punish opinions or speech but are based purely on criminal actions (An Introduction to Hate Crime Laws, n.d). ... Hate crimes are meant to put down not only an individual but an entire group of people ("What is a Hate Crime?... The Criminal Code section 718.2 outlines aggravating factors as "evidence that [an] offence was motivated by bias, prejudice, or hate based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age mental of physical disability, sexual orientation or any other similar factor" (Renke, 2014). ... When a hate crime is committed the of...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is what is reported and how its reported that would make a difference to people's perception bearing in mind that most people have not being victims of crime themselves and all they know about crime is based on hearsay. ... Commercially, crime sells. ... Further examples include the reporting of the criminal tribunal court in the former Yugoslavia of bringing perpetrators of crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. ... Are people's perception of crime amplified because a lot of crime is being reported in the media, or does the media just amplify certain re...

• Word Count: 1547
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The retributive theory looks back to the crime and punishes because of the crime. ... Although, there are two main advantages to desert based punishment. ... When a specific crime is on the increase or attracted much publicity, then exemplary sentences may be imposed to attempt to prevent that particular crime. ... They will go on committing crimes as long as they are able to do so. ... Thus, not only can it be seen as punishing the offender for past crimes, but it seeks to punish for crimes yet to be committed. ...

• Word Count: 2252
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This has been described by historian Michael King as the creation of a "brown proletariat" (Sanderson, 2007) based on class struggle which he argues is the foundation of capitalism and the root cause of all other forms of struggle or conflict within capitalism. ... Society often supports more legislation based on exceptional cases without grasping the scope of ramifications the change could have on the entire legal system, including the incarceration rate. ... Mauer (1999) writes, "Despite the promises of political leaders and others who have promoted them as effective tools for...

• Word Count: 1635
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Plea bargaining is that bushel basket of practices whereby a prosecutor agrees to: charge a crime or crimes less seriously than the facts warrant. ... It encourages crime and demoralizes victims and society. ... Yet, on a per-serious-crime basis, we only imprison criminals at two- thirds the rate we did in 1960. ... The cost of crime, in tears as well as dollars, is infinitely greater. ... The expediency based practice of plea bargaining has done precisely that. ...

• Word Count: 1290
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

Attempts produce as much justifiable social volatility as do successful crimes."" ... This is not a straight-forward or simple case to determine as it is based on the agent's thoughts. ... What would happen if we did not punish those attempting to commit crime? ... It works the same way with attempted crime. ... If forced to choose between a less-serious crime and a more-serious crime (that are assigned the same punishment), we would be more likely to attempt the more serious crime, if we gain more for the same risk and consequences. ...

• Word Count: 1374
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

Law enforcement enforces many different crimes; some of the most serious crimes are violent crimes. ... Each state is responsible for controlling crime. ... In 1994, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act was passed. ... Determinate sentences do not involve parole and are based on incapacitation and specific deterrence goals (Ditton, 1999). ... Truth in sentencing has held many offenders accountable for their crimes. ...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Blended sentence provisions were enacted into law along with offense-based criteria and mandatory minimum sentences. ... The period of overreaction to juvenile crime appears to be ending. ... Beginning in the 1960s, the national crime rate sharply increased. ... Even at the height of the juvenile crime increase (1993), "only about 6% of all juvenile arrests were for violent crimes and less than one-tenth of one percent of their arrests were for homicides " (McCord, Widom, & Crowell, 2001, p. 33). ... Juvenile court-based services were more effective than confinement (Loughran, Mulvey, Schuber...

• Word Count: 2448
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many victims do not report crime because the criminal justice system does not meet their emotional, physical, or financial needs in the aftermath of crime. ... The President's Task Force on Victims of Crime have proposed that the Sixth Amendment be modified to include specific rights to crime victims. ... The Crime Control Act "mandated specific actions and responsibilities of federal personnel in dealing with crime victims" (Doerner & Lab, p. 341). ... Critics think that victims will base their thoughts on pure emotion and have no rational behind their decision. ... The media is another ...

• Word Count: 1632
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

You will find that the definition of "violent" and "serious" are different and are based on the current conviction prior to March 8, 2000. ... Three-strikes doesn't allow for prior convictions to be omitted in the process regardless of how long ago it was that the crime or crimes were committed. ... They had found a reduction in both the serious crime rates and in petty theft. ... All of the major crimes they will have committed would be done at an earlier age. ... Therefore, the "three-strikes law" isn't necessary in reducing crime in California. ...

• Word Count: 1504
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

The majority of imprisoned mothers are single parents who primarily committed non-violent crimes such as drug possession, shoplifting, fraud and prostitution (Wirpsa, 1998). ... (Sack, 1997) In the California mother-infant program women must have a child under three and be serving less than three years for a non-violent crime. ... The New York-based Justice Works Community is a network of 250 secular and religious organizations advocating alternatives for women sentenced for non-violent crimes. ... "Justice Works wants to redirect prison construction and law enforcement toward a more ef...

• Word Count: 1373
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The difference between a disorganized and an organized offender, and the organization or disorganization of a crime scene plays a critical role in crime assessment (Burgess, Regehr & Roberts, 2010). ... All police departments strive to apprehend perpetrators of vehement crimes. ... The profiling process aims to aid the investigative team to classify the foremost developmental and disposition characteristics of the reprobate based on the evaluation of the misconduct he or she has committed (Daniels, 2014). ... A comprehensive evaluation of the specifics in the crime scene is necessary. ... The...

• Word Count: 2254
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

His decision will be based on the weight of the evidences presented. ... There are different forms of punishment that will be given to the convicted depending on the weight of the crime committed. ... For one, when these criminals are isolated away form the population, they will have no capacity to commit further crimes. The number of years of imprisonment is based on the gravity of the crime committed. ... Meanwhile, Situational leadership is based on the flexibility of a leader in different situations. ...

• Word Count: 1620
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ever heard about a crime around you and wondered how do these criminals think and what drives them to hurt others? ... However, there are many reasons that can result in crimes, but they can mainly be based on greed, revenge, anger, jealousy, or vanity. ... It focuses on factors inside a town that affect the rate of crimes. ... Lower class citizens can decide to achieve success through theft or any other crime that self-satisfies them. ... He is distressed not only by crime but also by the tragic fate of criminals who have little, if any, control over the destiny of their brain states. ...

• Word Count: 1551
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

America being a country which started with thirteen charter governments, based off of customs from Great Britain, and it was hard to make laws. ... So why would they let someone go who they thought committed the crime? ... The first step of the process is when a crime is thought to be committed. ... Once ruled not guilty, a person cannot be re-tried for the same crime. ... This is where those convicted serve their sentences for the crime they have committed. ...

• Word Count: 1655
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

The reasoning behind the statement is that within this justice system defendants would rather do a short term sentence for a crime they did not commit rather than take a risk resulting in a long term prison sentence of upwards of twenty five years for the same non committed crime. ... Sentencing Commission (2010) reports that in the federal system black offenders receive sentences that are 10% longer than white offenders for the same crimes. ... A poor, uneducated person from a high crime area maybe more easily manipulated and intimidated by the police than an educated white person with ques...

• Word Count: 2307
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In this case several robbers targeted two brothers for their crime which resulted in gunfire and the death of one of the two brothers. ... With these loose standards in place there is no bottom line to the felony murder doctrine and therefore most cases involving this statute are decided by the judge it goes before based on his own personal opinions and views on justice. ... Dekens is a viable case that attacks the felony murder doctrine on the basis of intent and concludes that individuals can not be charged for the crimes committed by another cofelon independently. ... A key point to n...

• Word Count: 1843
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

A system of international criminal justice is finally within reach because crimes against humanity have become the exception rather than the norm. ... The participants had to deliberate and agree upon a bewildering array of fundamental issues ranging from the powers of the Security Council in relation to the ICC, preconditions to the exercise of ICC jurisdiction, mechanisms for triggering investigations and prosecutions, and the interrelationship between the ICC and national courts, not to mention the list and definition of international crimes, the principles of attributing liability and def...

• Word Count: 1487
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

Some people think there might actually be less crime in the United States if the government wasn't so easy on criminal cases. ... When the defendant waives his right he is also admitting that he is guilty of the crime he committed. ... Plea bargains leave no real uniformity giving some people a lesser punishment than others who committed the same crime. ... If we had set standards then there might be fewer people committing crimes for fear of the court. ... Based upon the statue that bribing a witness for his or her testimony is illegal, giving the defendant a lesser charge for turning ...

• Word Count: 1900
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Based solely on Mallin's identification, Timothy Cole was arrested and charged with aggravated sexual assault. ... The judge denied both attempts concluding that he would not allow mention of uncharged crimes to be heard by a jury. ... The fact that the authorities based Cole's conviction solely on the identification from Mallin is a problem. ... Timothy Cole attempted to appeal several times while in jail serving time for a crime he didn't commit. ... Johnson also confessed to the crime in front of judge, Cole's family, and Michele Mallin. ...

• Word Count: 1574
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The purpose of probation is to assist in reducing the incidence and impact of crime by probationers in the community. ... Probation departments in fulfilling their purpose may also provide a broad range of services including, but not limited to crime and delinquency prevention, victim restitution programs and inter/volunteer programs. ... The possibility for constructive change of behavior is based on the recognition and acceptance of the principal of individual responsibility. ... Conditions of probation, including the supervision level are based generally on standards and guidelines conn...

• Word Count: 1772
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many times, when victims report SH or SA, a decision to convict a defendant is made based on the defendant's criminal intentions at the time the act is committed. For a defendant to be convicted of a crime, his or her intentions and actions must coincide. ... When committing a crime, mens rea and actus reas must be present in order for the accused to be convicted. In many SA cases the outcome of the case is based on the perpetrator's belief that the victim was consenting to the act. ... Superson's solution to this problem is to have the courts make decisions with regards to SH i...

• Word Count: 1872
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

• Have pled guilty to or been found guilty of a drug crime. • Have had their controlled substance abuse deemed a precipitating or contributing factor in the commission of their crime. ... In a recent interview, David Oldfield, Director of Planning and Research, provided a list of violent offenses: • 1st-degree Arson • 1st- and 2nd-degree Murder • 1st-degree robbery • Kidnapping • 1st-degree Assault • Forcible Rape • Forcible Sodomy (personal communication, June 16, 2003) To prevent first-time, non-violent offenders from being inca...

• Word Count: 2049
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate