This question involves writing a critical analysis of the Hebenton and Pease paper from the Bull and Carson handbook. ... In light of sentences passed by judges in criminal cases it is necessary to consider two justifications of punishment which are taken into account by the judge: crime retributivism and crime reductivism. ... Analysis is given on a sample of post-Billam cases where a sentence for rape was appealed and the results reported. The analysis can take a distinct form. ... In terms of the retributive and reductive punishment, it is hopeful tha...

• Word Count: 1468
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Instead criticism and analysis must be based upon what is best for the Black community in this country. ... However, Butler does cite past and contemporary administration of the death penalty, disparities between punishments for white-collar crimes and punishments for other crimes, more severe penalties for crack cocaine users than for powder cocaine users, and the high rate of incarceration of African-American men.2 All arguments regarding Butler's thesis must be framed within the context of these problems, if not directly addressing them. ... Kemp, the defendant introduced a comprehensi...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Conceiving of the relation between negligence and criminality in this way enables Ripstein to plausibly characterize crimes as "torts with something added." ... (p.g.148) In my opinion I do not believe that negligence such as a discarded cigarette id the same thing as arson, but at the same time both of them are crimes, which need to be punishment. ... Thus, punishment is needed on Ripstein view, to vindicate the victim's rights. ... The reason being that "there in not wrong to right, and so the normal basic for punishment is absent. ... Others issues that are talk about in this book ...

• Word Count: 1856
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction As quoted by Emile Durkheim, a society without crime is impossible.1 Even if the standard of determining criminal acts is set high, less severe acts will still be considered as crime. As there is no chance of eliminating crime out of society, punishment is an essential tool to create a fair society for it having 4 main goals: deterrence, retribution, rehabilitation and incapacitation. Setting a fixed standard and guideline of punishment aims to convince potential criminals that the crime is not worth the time (general deterrence), to equally and fairly distribute punishment among ...

• Word Count: 2471
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In a criminal case, in order to convict the defendant of a crime, the prosecutor must persuade the jury of the defendant's guilt "beyond a reasonable doubt (90%)" "Reasonable doubt " is a fair doubt based upon reason and common sense (otto-graph.com, 2013). ... In a criminal law case, a guilty verdict could bring the defendant any one of the following punishments: 1). ... In criminal cases, there are two classes of crimes. ... In a criminal case, the defendant is charged with a crime, for instance, murder, and can face criminal punishment. ... A criminal case is for a person who commits a...

• Word Count: 886
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

As the common-law evolves and changes we gain deeper understandings of crime, the motivation of crime, and rehabilitation of criminals. ... An analysis of New Zealand's application of restorative justice principles is useful in examining the validity of the restorative justice concept. ... " , and criminal as "a person who has committed crime or crimes." Black's Law Dictionary purports a crime to be, " social harm that the law makes punishable; the breach of a legal duty treated as the subject matter of a criminal proceeding" and criminal law as, "the branch or division of th...

• Word Count: 4107
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For this research study, the negative influence of peers is recognized as pressure or compelling factors from one's peers including co-workers to participate in employee theft crimes despite the possibility of apprehension and punishment. ... These staff persons do not provide adequate supervision which influences individuals to commit employee theft crimes. ... A random sample of 300 persons convicted of employee theft crimes specifically was chosen for the purpose of this study (n=300). ... Also surveyed will be a control group of 25 individuals convicted of misdemeanor larceny crimes o...

• Word Count: 1637
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 2004, Mitchell and Mckenzie conducted a formal meta-analysis of 85 different studies on race and sentencing. ... Instead, they have suggested that the connections between race and sentencing outcomes are exceedingly complex, conditioned by a diverse set of variables, including characteristics of the defendant, the victim, the crime itself and the geographical area where it took place, as well as the bureaucratic organization of local courts, the culture of courtroom workgroups, and even broader features of the social and political environments in which case processing takes place. ... Furt...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

The Counsel Clause states: "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence." ... They argue that his plea was valid because he acknowledged the rights of trial he was w...

• Word Count: 2414
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School