Each shared electron pair constitutes a covalent bond. ... At high temperature thermal vibration break some of the covalent bonds. ... Once an electron moves away from a covalent bond, it leaves a hole that is filled with the neighboring atom this cause conduction to occur. ... For example, when a silicon atom is replaced by an atom with five outer electrons such as arsenic, four of the electrons form covalent bonds with the four neighboring silicon atoms. ... Another type of conduction in semiconductor is p-type when an atom with three outer electrons such as boron is substituted for a silico...

• Word Count: 1417
• Approx Pages: 6

Human history can be divided into many distinct ages, including the Modern Age. The Modern Age is hallmarked by three industrial revolutions, the third synonymously known as the Digital Revolution, Information Age or quite simply the third industrial revolution. The origins of the Digital Revolution...

• Word Count: 1372
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A key property of a conductive polymer is the presence of conjugated double bonds along the backbone of the polymer. In conjugation, the bonds between the carbon atoms are alternately single and double. ... Diamond, which contains only bonds, is an insulator and its high symmetry gives it isotropic properties. ...

• Word Count: 6720
• Approx Pages: 27
• Grade Level: High School