In the Middle Ages however, the Church was a very authoritative section of the community. ... During the high Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church became organized into an elaborate hierarchy with the pope as the head in Western Europe. ... " ("Church and the Middle Ages"). ... The Middle Ages was the period of time in history in which the church had the most power. Royalty during the Middle Ages was the highest social class and they had an abundance of power. ...

• Word Count: 1156
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Mason Chapters 6,7 #1502 MWF 11-11:50 Middle Ages The idea that the Middle Ages were "dark ages" has been exaggerated a lot. ... There are the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. ... The system of cardinals electing the pope was developed, which took Church power out of the hands of wealthy secular people. ... One very important accomplishment of the High Middle Ages was universities. ... Politically changing with every ruler made the Middle Ages a very rough time. ...

• Word Count: 1163
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church was "the most powerful institution to be found anywhere in Europe.... The once all-powerful Catholic Church not only lost power within religion but was also deprived of its abundant wealth, control over European politics, and its influence over society was reduced. ... (Duggan 2014) Another important source of the Church's income during the Middle Ages was taxes collected from rulers and peasants, the most common of which are annates. ... The Catholic Church experienced a serious decline in its political power and control over European na...

• Word Count: 1465
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The political and religious characteristics of the Byzantine Empire and of the kingdoms that emerged in England and France during the middle ages were very different and similar at the same time. ... They both had a leader or ruler in high power. The kingdoms that emerged in England and France during the middle ages used feudalism, a type of political and economic system, while the Byzantine Empire did not. ... They both had a ruler or leader in high power. ... The political and religious characteristics of the Byzantine Empire and of the kingdoms that emerged in England and France duri...

• Word Count: 415
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church had created a system of beliefs based on the teachings of ancient Greeks and Romans. ... The Middle Ages took place from 500-1350 AD and was a time period of trust and ignorance. ... (Spark - High Middle Ages 8). ... (Spark - High Middle Ages 8). ... (Spark - High Middle Ages 8). ...

• Word Count: 2877
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

-Which of the following people was chiefly responsible for increasing the Church's secular role during the middle Ages? ... -private armies,saddles,stirrups,armor,high flying missiles. ... -All of the following could be said about the tournaments held in the middle ages EXCEPT that they were free of actual bloodshed. ... ~Church reformers felt that bishops should not be under the power of any king.... ~Tried to win pope's forgiveness-Henry IV travels to Canossa-most dramatic confrontation of the middle ages....

• Word Count: 1166
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

However, there have been studies that have explored the advantages and disadvantages associated with the 5% of the eligible electorate who fail to vote, with Labor making a net gain in votes when turnout is high and the Coalition benefiting when the turnout is low (McAllister, 1986). ... The ability of the elite to exercise such power through these means can be illustrated with the mining tax controversy. ... The success of the media campaign against the mining tax indicated the severity and power the media has over influence within the political arena, and it is no surprise that two of Austra...

• Word Count: 2367
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Acton that middle-school and high-school athletes can be required to submit to suspicionless drug tests as a condition of athletic participation (New York Times 1995)." ... In regard to Laws on drug testing the catholic catechism states that: "2211 The political community has a duty to honor the family, to assist it, and to ensure especially:...in keeping with the country's institutions, the right to medical care, assistance for the aged, and family benefits.... ... In Augustine Confessions, he describes that no amount of will power promises or resolutions can liberate one from suc...

• Word Count: 1297
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Seen as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the modern era, The Renaissance also marked a cognitive shift from a religious perspective to a more intellectual and social focus. ... Western Europe had been unified by one Church during the Middle Ages, which was controlled in the ancient city of Rome. ... As previously mentioned, art and learning during the Middle Ages were centered on the church and religion. ... These individuals also purchased and collected artwork in a culture where the economy was much better than during the Middle Ages. ... Giotto di Bondone most regarded as Giotto (1266/7...

• Word Count: 2474
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The leaders lead revolutions to gain power for themselves. ... The first estate is the clergy of the Catholic Church. ... Their marriage was arranged on the basis of power politics. ... Because of high inflation, unemployment, and famine, many of the French people were starving. ... Napoleon died in in 1821 at the age of 51. ...

• Word Count: 650
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

In a period when political and religious ideas were enmeshed and differences entrenched, the ascension of a Protestant Queen to a religiously confused nation was precarious. ... In order to gauge how severe the threat of Catholicism was, it is necessary to consider the perceived threat (and who shaped this perception), the political power enjoyed by Catholics, the challenges from international Catholic powers such as Spain and France, the threat posed by Mary Stuart and the public's reaction to Protestant changes. ... After the extremes of the two previous reigns, Mary (Catholic) and Ed...

• Word Count: 2170
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

What aspect of religion could make a Palestinian youth jubilate holding high hands covered with the blood of an Israeli soldier? Put simply, its religion plus politics. ... During the Middle Ages, religion was often an inherent part of government. ... At birth, the United States, most of whose citizens were from Europe, took note of these and made a clear separation between church and state. ... That there is much more to religious conflicts today than mere die-hard fundamentalists on both sides, that behind all that noise is political greed, and a protracted struggle for power and resources. ...

• Word Count: 1545
• Approx Pages: 6

Thanks to Queen Elizabeth I, England went to high power range, reaches a surprising degree of prosperity, material, and shines in the domain of letters. ... Note that Renaissance ideals and values ​​could not come completely detached from the medieval heritage that preceded it, however, the concepts underlying this style architecture is built on the conscious and effective breakdown of the artistic production of the Middle Ages, especially the Gothic style. ... The social classes that dominated the Renaissance nobility were occupying over kings, clergy or church, the bourgeoisie these had ...

• Word Count: 2527
• Approx Pages: 10

The Gothic age was a time of overwhelming change in the area of architecture. ... Italian Renaissance writers originally used the word gothic as a derogatory term for all architects and artists in the middle ages, which were compared to the works of the barbarian Goths. ... Proclaiming the majesty and power of Christ, these sculptures was destroyed from the western fazade during the French Revolution. ... The aisles were as high as the choir, and some daringly tall windows were possible. ... Spain was also a little late going into the gothic period mainly because it remained in a state of ...

• Word Count: 1753
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

If one were to gaze upon the statue of "David" by Michelangelo (1475-1564), they would notice the high esteem in which the human body was portrayed. ... In 1368 Petrarch wrote De sui ipsius et multorum ignorantia (On his own ignorance and that of many others), which became a significant example of the contrast of humanism of the Renaissance to scholasticism of the Middle Ages. ... Petrarch urged others to awaken from the darkness "of the Middle Ages and move forward out of "the slumber of forgetfulness into the pure radiance of the past" (Humanism 1). ... At first, the humanists fervently defe...

• Word Count: 2321
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, King of the Franks (742-814), was a strong leader who unified Western Europe through military power and the blessing of the Church. ... All three, in addition to the political unification, believed that the church should be reformed and reorganized under the Pope, which helped their rise to power as the Carolingian Dynasty. ... In each area of Europe that was taken over by Charlemagne, he removed the leaders if they would not convert to Christianity and appointed new ones, usually someone with high position in the Church. ... The feudal monarchy created by ...

• Word Count: 2321
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

The concept of feudalism has dominated much of the research and study of Europe during the Middle Ages. ... By the High Middle Ages (about 1000 C.E.), much of Europe had developed a variation of this system of feudalism. ... In theory, all land in the kingdom belonged to the monarch; the church also owned a substantial amount of land. ... These types of hierarchical ceremonies can still be seen in many European monarchies today, the Catholic Church and even academia in America. ... The concentration of power in the hands of few was always a great unsettling force in the system. ...

• Word Count: 1485
• Approx Pages: 6

The Napoleonic age was no exception. ... Napoleon made political modifications that would mainly increase his power. ... Political changes were made to increase Napoleon's power rather than strengthen the people's political status. ... Every appeal court district was to have a lycee (high school), and they were to be completely supported and controlled by the state. ... Power was taken from the church and given to the government. ...

• Word Count: 1579
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Violence toward private citizens, public property, and political enemies promoted by a political group to achieve or maintain supremacy. 3. ... All such likenesses [symbols of national power: eagle sun, lion, etc] are forbidden. ... In recent years we've seen a growing tendency by our political and religious leaders to invent a homogeneous past, a golden age of perfect consensus on values and morals. ... The American middle class had put God in the backseat or left their churches in the late 60's and early 70's. ... More members mean more money, which means an increase in...

• Word Count: 2469
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Prithvi Narayan Shah, after the unification of Nepal expelled the priest condemning them of trying to impose colonial power. ... There was no denomination of churches. ... The state privileged the culture of the high caste Hindus eventually marginalizing the Non-Hindus. The high castes have the most influence in terms of land, capital and politics. ... These politically strong Hindu ministers still support the Hindus. ...

• Word Count: 2461
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Individuals in the middle ages were considered to have already received grace through baptism and their continuing participation in the sacraments.4 One early implication of this interpretation is that love is put aside once jus ad bellum criteria have been met. ... Augustine introduced the idea of a just war and the middle Ages furthered its cause, it was not until the 16th and 17th centuries that a complete theory, which included the proper waging of a war, was established. ... Sacred places such as churches are not to be harmed unless there is a real military necessity. A church could be u...

• Word Count: 7503
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography

., (4) the Albigensians of Southern France and Spain in the early Middle Ages, (5) the Italian scholastic philosopher Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century A.D., (6) the Jansenists of France in the 17th century, and (7) the Puritans in England and its American colonies during the 16th and 17th centuries. ... He compulsively categorized such phenomena, and high on his list was sensual pleasure. ... In fact, the Romans regarded Jesus as an anarchist whose political message, powerful ability to attract followers, and increasing popularity threatened their ability to maintain a tightly regulat...

• Word Count: 2074
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The First Estate was the Church. During the ancien regime, the church was equal in terms of its social, economic, and spiritual power. ... The bourgeoisie, or the middle class, were by far, the wealthiest. ... Poor farm harvests by farmers hurt the economy, and trade rules from the Middle Ages still survived, making trade difficult. ... These costs greatly increased the national debt, which was, at the time, already too high. ...

• Word Count: 2218
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

Germany's only problem is with its current environmental plight; coal burning power plants are polluting the air and causing acid rain, nuclear power plants are thermally polluting the rivers in the country, and raw sewage is being dumped into the Baltic Sea. ... Anti-foreigner sentiment is high with the right-of-center Christian Democratic Union, the dominating political party in Germany, but it seems pragmatism will prevail and the legislation will pass regardless. ... Even with 86 million people living in Germany and it being right in the middle of Europe its population is not very div...

• Word Count: 2423
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The period is more or less considered as playing out what had been set up in the later Middle Ages. ... It was during this time that Europe was busy pulling herself out of the economic stagnation of the Middle Ages. ... Of all the practices of Renaissance Europe, nothing is used to distinguish the Renaissance from the Middle Ages more than humanism as both a program and a philosophy. ... During the Middle Ages, painters and sculptors tried to give their works a spiritual quality, wanting their audience to focus on the deep religious meaning of their works of art. ... Renaissance writers wa...

• Word Count: 1970
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate