Many of the tail risks that concerned us in the last edition have not come to pass, in particular in the United States, which did not fall off the "fiscal cliff"; in Europe, where the breakup of the euro zone was avoided and where sovereign bond differentials have drastically narrowed; and in China, where fears of a hard landing have receded for the time being. ... In emerging markets, it is uncertain how protests in Brazil and Turkey, the credit crunch in China, and the potentially volatile capital flows to emerging and developing markets will affect growth in these economies. ... F...

• Word Count: 4162
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Stronger governments have had more choice than weaker governments concerning their response to global pressures for more international and less regulated economic activities. Even the weakest government, however, has had some room for manoeuvre. ... Ongoing global economic growth, coupled with the fact that the best performers tend to be particularly open to globalized forms of production (such as India and China for example), suggests that the spread of wealth is inherently linked to globalization. ... However, the Chinese had developed better and more sophisticated technology much earlier b...

• Word Count: 7309
• Approx Pages: 29
• Grade Level: Graduate

It argues that globalisation is undermining the ability of governments to provide a legitimate social bond between governors and the governed. ... Early definitions also demonstrated an optimistic, progressive, modernist teleology exemplified in Kenichi Ohmae's McKinseyesque cartography of a borderless world in which the nation state becomes increasingly irrelevant.6 Globalisation becomes a 'normalising discourse' of power conditioning the policy responses of governments to the perception, if not always the reality, of global market integration. ...

• Word Count: 9082
• Approx Pages: 36
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Together with other hybrid of international agencies, national governments and voluntary international nongovernmental organizations, the UNHCR has positioned itself to fulfil its mandate and obligations to refugees in spite of all odds. ... But these religious persecutions gradually faded as most people in Europe became more politically sensitive with strong political affiliations and tenacious resistance to their new revolutionary style governments. These revolutionary style governments were seen in countries like France, Germany, Poland and Russia. ... But also before then, the war between...

• Word Count: 4488
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Indeed, this movement particularly, across international borders that people invented, has become an important policy issue for the governments all over the world because it affects the lives of people in many areas. ...

• Word Count: 4568
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The importance of securing natural energy resources is taking center stage in the European Union's (EU) future plans. Turkey, a candidate for a full membership to EU, is located close to 70% of the world's oil and gas reserves. Due to it's proximity to these important resources, Turkey is in a perfect position to host a large pipeline (Nabucco Gas Pipeline) that will carry gas from the Caspian Sea to the Middle East. This would give all the countries involved a necessary alternative to the Russian supply routes - and it would become the fourth most dynamic energy corridor for Eu...

• Word Count: 6977
• Approx Pages: 28
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate