The notwithstanding clause of section 33 in the Canadian Constitution gives legislatures the ability to pass laws that override essential guarantees of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. ... It is the aim of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms to protect the rights of all Canadians equally, majority or minority. ... Michael Mandel, associate professor at Osgoode Hall Law School, maintains that there has been an unfortunate transfer of power from representative legislature to an elite legal profession that creates a class bias. ... The clause allows government to enact laws that infringe on...

• Word Count: 3226
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Though the program advocates reform of the traditional American school system to help improve school standards and conditions, the controversy over school vouchers as a solution remains unanswered and a topic of heated debate. ... The school voucher system was introduced as a choice movement advocating the abolishment of school district lines, allowing parents to enroll their children in any public school in the area, as well as creating schools with special programs to attract bright students and "charter" schools with more autonomy than traditional public schools (Gale Researchers). ......

• Word Count: 2864
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The establishment of an effective Judicial System in the United States of America has come with numerous challenges over the past centuries. What is thought of as "probably the most important and the most satisfactory Act ever passed by Congress," the Judiciary Act of 1789 created for the people a system of courts that would ensure the presence of justice in the new American society. The state of the nation at the time, however, would prove to be challenging for the few selected to hold judicial positions. The terms within the newly minted Constitution posed more questions than they answe...

• Word Count: 4341
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate