This perspective too parallels early enlightenment thinking on the freedom of thought, when it was perceived that only through freedom of expression could a workable public sphere be achieved. ... While Cunningham and Flew's point similar to the perceptions of the enlightenment thinkers, they ultimately reject that the current consumer has an inherent ability to reason as suggested by Hobbes. ... This was also a fundamental key concept that resulted from enlightenment thinking. ... Thus, given this form it is therefore inevitable that the material of the article is naturally inst...

• Word Count: 1551
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

People believed in science, philosophy, and society to bring them rational laws and standards of which to critically observe and evaluate the universe, and to guide them in their daily lives. ... Nietzsche believed that the conventional morality of the day was utterly backwards, and that it was hindering any real understanding or grasp of our reality and us as thinking beings. ... Following in the revolutionary footsteps that Nietzsche laid out in world of philosophical thinking, were two equally, if not more influential ideas called logical empiricism (or logical positivism), and existentiali...

• Word Count: 1360
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In "An Essay on Man" Pope states "But vindicate the ways of God to man" (Line 16) which Pope says this is the full purpose of the poem making this the critical line. ... Pope tries to refrain from subjecting the reader to a religious background and instead Pope takes a more philosophical approach to compare his own perception of the opening line of "Paradise Lost". ... It's significant to analyze literature, because literature is written to testify what is going on in that time period and gives us a good grasp on what people were thinking about. ... During th...

• Word Count: 1599
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School