The mob then burned the houses of black families. ... Pinckney further notes that Hughes, "turned himself into a transmitter of messages and made the I' a collective I'."" ... As Pinckney in "Black Identity in Langston Hughes- writes, "The use of black' and the invocation of Africa were defiant gestures back in the days when many blacks described themselves as brown."" ... He also experienced segregation in theaters, YMCA, Boy Scouts, and even at a child's party. ... Black entrepreneurs, artists, and entertainers in Harlem had established a successful black communit...

• Word Count: 1190
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School