The national debt in 1783 was £243 million, before the American wars the debt was £160 million, quite clearly the national debt had increased greatly due to the American wars. ... After the loss of the American colonies the country was experiencing a lack of confidence, economically and militarily. ... This idea was not Pitt's as he had copied the ideas of Richard Price neither was this new, it had been attempted before but with minimal success as often the fund was raided to finance wars and such. ... This was then accompanied by a £1.7million surplus that the excheq...

• Word Count: 1288
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

There is a huge difference between immigration levels in Canada before and after 1990. After the year 1990 the average yearly immigration intake in Canada was more than 250,000 immigrants per year. ... This policy was abandoned after the year 1990, because the huge number of immigrants settled in Canada. ... Before 1990, Canada used the policy Tap-on, Tap-off to control the average yearly immigration intake to Canada. However; after 1990 and until today the average yearly immigration intake to Canada is about 250,000 immigrants per year. ...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On Tuesday morning, out-of-town banks and corporations sent in $150 million of call loans, and Wall Street was in a panic before the New York Stock Exchange opened. ... After the crash, production fell nearly 50% from the business cycle peak in August 1929 to March 1933. ... After the crash there was criticism of the Federal Reserve policy. Between October 1929 and February 1930 the interest rate was lowered from 6% to 4%, and the money supply increased immediately after the crash. ... Before the crash, investors were not protected at all from fraud, hype and shoddy stocks. ...

• Word Count: 1262
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

The decision they reach at after logically analyzing these factors is a perfectly rational decision that would aid the organization to move into a direction of certainty of the future. The perfect economists theorists contend that the decision reached by any agent offered the same factors would arrive at the same outcome after analyzing them. ... Supposing after empirically verifying the variables one notices that one of them is not true. ... He advocates empirical investigation of all the alternatives before arriving at the decision. He proposes that before any decision can be reached there...

• Word Count: 2465
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ghana - Under Economic Underdevelopment After its independence in 1957, Ghana appeared relatively prosperous compared with many other African countries. ... The Gold Coast Colony was officially established in 1874 by the British, but long before that the Europeans had started to exploit this land. ... This created the problem of mass unskilled labor force, and it subsequently hampered Ghana's economic growth after the colonial period. ... It was basically disregarded after the government carried out the plan. ... After Ghana's independence, the country's agricultural product...

• Word Count: 1713
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Hundreds of years before World War II the election of populist leaders was very common. ... Unfortunately after a short period of time in office they would slowly return to the previous presidential methods in order to gain more power. ... In 1946 Argentina held their first presidential elections after the military take over. ... After the crash Brazil's economic state was in shambles, it appeared as if there was no way to recover the "café au lait" alliance. ... Vargas before the elections was the governor of Rio Grande do Sul, he was a public favorite and was guarantee...

• Word Count: 1331
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The tough economic times led to antirust of the government by the public, and after the presidential seat changed hands from Fernando Collor to Itamar Franco, Cardoso found himself Minister of Finance in May of 1993. ... That, along with many comparative advantages such as an enormous population, a fast growing internal consumer marketplace, and free trade led to foreign money pouring into the Brazilian economy, at never before seen rates. ... Countries such as Japan and Hong Kong recovered quickly after the crisis, while those that had to go to the IMF are still waiting to see if foreign in...

• Word Count: 1759
• Approx Pages: 7

The EU unemployment rate soared higher by more than 2 percent in the first 2 years after the crises. ... In the EU 27, material conditions improved just before the crisis (between 2003 and 2007) and worsened after the start of the crisis in 2008. ... After an improvement between 2003 and 2007, by 2010 the proportion of people reporting difficulties was back at 2003 levels. ... He identifies points that were not present before the crises and that should be adapted so as to help reduce the effects of the 2008 crises and also to prevent a similar crises. ...

• Word Count: 1610
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

The aim of this paper is to assess the extent to which market maturity influenced the restructuring phase that Caterpillar underwent after it was nearly put out of business in the 1980s. ... If before, according the Porter's five forces analysis (2004), the threat of new entrants had been low, with the rise of Komatsu sales volume, the rules of engagement in Caterpillar's competitive space changed. ... Strategy must focus both on the conditions dictated by the market in which it acts and on the recognition of the fact that a firm must unlearn most of its past before it can successful...

• Word Count: 2426
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After 1960 the rigid planning policies of the regime were somewhat liberalized. ... Before World War II Hungary traded primarily with Western nations, and the Soviet Union accounted for less than one percent of Hungarian trade. After the war, this pattern was reversed. In the decade after the Communists came to power, about 90 ,percent of Hungary's foreign trade was with fellow members of COMECON. ... After 1958 Hungary expanded its trade with the West; but exports to Western countries have been only about half the value of imports, with a resulting serious balance of payments deficit in ...

• Word Count: 1630
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Disbursement and Review After the stand-by is officially approved by the Executive Board, the agreed upon funds are usually sent to the member country. ... After the brief introduction of the IMF and how it functions, it is now time to turn to the conditions in East Asia and how it led by the financial difficulties experienced in Korea. ... Three and a half years after the crisis in May 2001 the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy and the IMF organized a conference based on the Korean crisis and recovery. ... Many skeptics questioned the validity of these actions after all, t...

• Word Count: 1943
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On 1st October 1949 after defeating the KMD in the Chinese Civil War, Mao announced at the gate of heavenly peace that he was now the leader of Peoples Republic of China. ... However discrepancies between the economic policies of Stalin and Mao appear after the First plan. ... Stalin took a undeveloped country and transformed it into a massive, urban working class with most of the country being electrified, which had not been seen before. ... Stalin also maintained his power throughout all of his economic policies, unlike Mao, who after the Great Leap Forward re-established himself through th...

• Word Count: 1642
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After the sixteenth century, different realms were colonizing countries and domains everywhere throughout the world. ... Europeans established settlements in colonial coastal enclaves before the late nineteenth century. ... British and French officials became more concerned with urban development during and after the war, especially in efforts to create a stable and docile urban workforce. Efforts by colonial governments to build closer ties between metro-pole and empire after 1945 also remade urban space. ... A third and more breathtaking revolution occurred in the economic side was steam-pow...

• Word Count: 2178
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

This essay will assess the effectiveness of countercyclical spending in South Africa before moving to a discussion of the wage bill and infrastructure outlays in the context of South Africa as a developmental state. ... One period after government expenditure began to increase rapidly, GDP followed the same trend. ... For the policy developed after this to have been successful, this trend would need to be reversed to form an "A" shaped bar graph. ... After 2008 spending on public infrastructure actually decreased after a sustained upward trend. The acceleration in spending after 2004...

• Word Count: 2383
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The scenario is fairly true to the life that most blue collar Americans have been experiencing in the last ten years after the passing of NAFTA. ... With FTAA looking to be an expansion of NAFTA, people should educate themselves on the world after NAFTA. ... Over eighteen hundred jobs were lost in Kansas after NAFTA, but if that is not personal enough, let's look at Leavenworth alone. ... Included in these jobs lost are the 33,000 small farmers in the US who have gone out of business since NAFTA, more than six times the rate before NAFTA began. ...

• Word Count: 1668
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Vietnam has also gone through a terrific economic development after the country's transition process from centrally-planned economy to a market economy and it also gone from a poor to a middle-income country in just 20 years. ... In the case of big-bang reform, the old system is usually destroyed before the new system takes place. ... Both countries began their economic development from their agriculture sector, and in both cases, their attempts to build a Soviet-style economy failed, during their pre-reform period (Vu, 2009) Today both countries are major players in the global eco...

• Word Count: 2154
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For example, Deadwood, South Dakota was a small town with nine stores in the downtown area before the casino arrived. Within one year after the building of the casino, all nine businesses had closed their doors. ... In fact, the average unemployment rate for October 1994 to September 1995 was 14.5 percent-only slightly lower than the average rate of 15.1 percent for 1991, a year before the first casino was opened (Schwarz 113). ...

• Word Count: 1628
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Some historians even argue that the industrial revolution started in France before spreading to Britain and other parts of the world. ... For example, the country had an advanced water transport system before 1750. ... In short, machines were in operation in Britain before the industrial revolution in 1750. ...

• Word Count: 2253
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Being in a relationship with someone can result in two scenarios: complete joy or a difficult struggle. Yes, popular belief has convinced us that "the best things in life are free". But are they? Of course, we don't have to pay to enjoy a beautiful sunset at the beach, and as it is said, money canno...

• Word Count: 2410
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

There is no doubt that it is very indispensable to establish adequate understandings of the abovementioned terms before answering this question. ... Globalization, State, Power and Sovereignty Globalization "Globalization is the panacea for all our ills, but only in favour of the developed countries of the north" -Robert Reich Before a person can answer the question posed by this essay, he or she must fully understand the concept of globalization. ...

• Word Count: 2079
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After reviewing the University of Missouri, School of Medicine's detailed analysis and various state and nonprofit evaluations, the conclusion is that Missouri stands to gain economically by moving forward with expansion. ... In Missouri, there are several bills before the state senate and house regarding expansion. ... States are not as optimistic about full employment recovery in that short a time period and believe that expansion will continue to boost employment after 2017 (2013). ...

• Word Count: 2266
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The scale of Japan's growth is easy to demonstrate but understanding the reason is much more difficult, especially when this country was completely destroyed after the Second World War. ... Overall, the Japanese economy was the highest growth rate in the world after World War II. ... After a short recession in 1965, the Japanese economy enjoyed a long period of prosperity until around the summer of 1970, with the real growth rate during this period averaging close to 12%. ...

• Word Count: 2410
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A global company should consider the Political, Economical, Social and Technological (PEST) environment of each and every market before making a global marketing strategy. ... ASDA is one of three supermarkets, along with Tesco and Primark, that has come under pressure in recent years to improve standards for workers abroad, after a Guardian investigation in 2007 revealed the long hours and low pay of Bangladeshi garment workers who supply them. ... Also, after the popularity of the Make Poverty History campaign and rising interest in organic, fairly-traded products, ASDA jumped on the Fair-tr...

• Word Count: 2348
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography

Once economically dependent of the export of tea, which is plucked by women, and to the lesser extent rubber, tapped by women and men, after 1977 the government of Sri Lanka encouraged export-oriented industries. ... The reduction was over 40 percent since the previous survey three years before. ...

• Word Count: 2077
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In part because of Cuba's close economic integration with the United States before 1959, Cuba's economic and social indicators ranked among the highest in the world. ... Economic problems continued into 1959, after the Castro government assumed power, and conditions worsened as low world sugar prices further drained Cuba's foreign exchange. ... CUBA DURING 1960-1989: After assuming power, the government of Fidel Castro implemented measures to transform the Cuban economy through radical changes and adjustments directed towards the formation of a different economic system. ....

• Word Count: 2137
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography