A phone-in poll conducted in January 1986 by a Sydney TV station shortly after a particularly gruesome sex-murder received over 48 000 calls. ... The following table shows that of the major Australian states, only South Australia experienced any sudden increase in murder or manslaughter convictions in the five years after abolition compared to the five years before, yet a detailed report on homicide published in 1981 by the South Australian Office of Crime Statistics showed that abolition of the death penalty had no effect on homicide trends in that state. (Source: Wallace, Alison (1986),...

• Word Count: 2841
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Before the Pardon Board, Pat's new lawyer, Millard Farmer, states the ineffectiveness of the state appointed lawyer, almost to the point of claiming he was totally incompetent and should have never been before a judge trying a case in which the death penalty was sought. ... You will never see a rich person come before this Board, its not because the rich never commit terrible crimes, but because the expert legal council they can afford to hire, know how to "play the system"." ... Her friendship with Millard opened her eyes to a world where not all races are treated equal, he told her of...

• Word Count: 2921
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

The Law says that humans have inalienable rights that existed outside of and before government. ... In Harris County, the highest homicide rate was in 1981, one year before the death penalty was reinstated in Texas ("Justice For All" 6). ... Criminologist Steven Stack recently found that after a widely publicized execution, there was a drop in the homicide rate. ... In fact, the average amount of time spent on death row before being executed is ten years (Jacobs 77). ... It is a common trait of man that we think about the consequences before we act. ...

• Word Count: 3831
• Approx Pages: 15

Wrongly accusing people has been done before. How can a judge feel after they have falsely accused someone of committing a crime they didn't do, then come to find out there is evidence found leading to the fact that you were wrong. ... How can anyone person not feel any remorse after taking some ones life into their own hands after it was God who gave them life. ... Before one considers the death penalty as punishment for a grave crime, one must reflect upon the purpose of any form of punishment."...

• Word Count: 2542
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

In 2002 seventy-one inmates were executed, five more than the year before. ... At the end of 2002 there were 3,557 prisoners under the sentence of death in our country, twenty fewer than the year before. ... There are more people on death row now then there has ever been before. ...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

The founding fathers made it crystal clear in the Constitution that the ability to own guns is a right, and this decision has been confirmed by our nation's courts and by the custom and practice of the generations that came before us throughout our history. ... For example, in the late 1990's, Great Britain passed a law banning firearms after a massive tragedy occurred. ... Instead of supporting it, Americans should understand the consequences of gun registration, and put an end to it before it's too late. ... Fortunately, former Police Chief Jeanne Assam drew her firearm and ...

• Word Count: 2867
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Physical exhaustion is another factor that plagues police work because, after long hours and extensive physical activity cops often return home lacking the energy to effectively interact socially. ... After entering dangerous, grotesque, and sad situations daily officers lack of positive interaction carries over to their families. ... Scott McKee emphasized that after awhile police officers become desensitized to certain events and this is often seen as a lack of emotion. ...

• Word Count: 3727
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Just reading about what goes on before, during, and after the execution is shocking enough. ... The most recent suit was filed by Entertainment Network INC (ENI) after being denied permission to broadcast the execution of Timothy McVeigh on the internet. ... Would the effect of watching a couple televised executions wear off after the first few? ... For that reason it must take place before dawn, while the masses are at rest, and within an enclosure, so as to debar the morbidly curious". ...

• Word Count: 2651
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Before you can learn about how it applies today and its future, you must know its past. ... After a very angry and hasty debate, the legislature defeated the reform by one vote upholding the current law. ... Quickly after his statement was heard, Pennsylvania Legislature completely done away with the death penalty, except for the crime of murder in the first degree, which became the first time murder was classified and broken down in degrees. ... Many states after this followed they leadership of New York. ... Even after the law had done its job, drunkenness and violence often followed for day...

• Word Count: 3139
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

After receiving an anonymous tip, police arrested them even though they had no physical evidence linking the men to the crime. ... However, after eighteen years on death row in a cell just twenty-five feet away from the electric chair, Williams was found innocent and released. ... After about a month into their investigation, the students uncovered a key piece of evidence overlooked by defense attorneys. ... Michael Mello, a Florida capital defense attorney, ended his career after a case involving "Crazy Joe" Spaziano. ... Michael Mello still maintained his client's innocence and took...

• Word Count: 2692
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

However, after the events on September eleventh just over a year ago, it became abundantly clear that the one thing we revere the most is our freedom and ability to choose in a democratically based republic. ... However, there are several other issues that exist in the "shades of gray" I spoke of before. With these, before making the jump from individual moralities to a strict and overarching legal judgment, we must weigh their effects and the consequences to our society. ...

• Word Count: 4097
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School

Most criminals would think twice before committing murder if they knew their own lives was at stake. ... Capital punishment may be carried out only after a final judgment rendered by a competent court allowing all possible safeguards to the defendant, including adequate legal assistance. 5. ... Only two people have been proved innocent after their execution in the United States. ...

• Word Count: 4694
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

Before the 18th Century prisons were just a means for holding prisoners before trial rather than for use as 'punishment'. ... Retribution also disregards the offender's life when their sentence has finished and statistics show that almost 60 per cent of the adults released after serving a short-term sentence are re-convicted within the first twelve months (www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk). ... Figures show that almost 50 per cent of adults re-offend within twelve month, after serving a short-term sentence, this suggests prison is not effective as a deterrence (www.prisonreformt...

• Word Count: 3653
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography

According to a wide range of civil rights and human rights organizations, the expansion of racial profiling after the September 11 attacks appears to have contributed to a climate of discrimination that indirectly encourages hate crimes against certain minority groups and people who look like them by conveying the message that such discrimination is acceptable and helpful in fighting terrorism. ... Witnesses and forensic evidence suggest that the officers fired a second round of shots after a brief pause and that Diallo's body absorbed a majority of the bullets after having hit the ground...

• Word Count: 3114
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After consulting a criminological text such as The Fence: In the Shadow of Two Worlds, one comes to find that common criminal theories are not only evident in criminal society but also tie closely with criminal beliefs and values. ... On a daily basis, Sam was dealing with criminals that thought like businessmen, basically allowing himself to believe that he was doing society a service, and running a business just like any other: "There are, after all, many similarities between a legitimate business and a fencing business - the incomes of both depend on the scope of operations and the opera...

• Word Count: 4192
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

It is by the before mentioned criterion that we have selected the worst crimes of the century. ... Soon after, Terry Nichols drove to the police station to talk with some officers, and he was arrested. ... In the end the jury found Timothy McVeigh guilty of one hundred sixty-nine counts of murder after on three days of deliberation. ... The Omnibus Counterterrorism Act was presented soon after the Oklahoma City bombing to protect Americas form future attacks (Anderson, 1995). ... Never before in American history had a violent crime had the effect that the Oklahoma City bombing had. ...

• Word Count: 4508
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

With the research questions I stated before, I want to get different aspect about the criminal justice system. ... After that Pirone slugged Grant in the head because he saw Grant put his hands on another officer. After that Mehserle and Pirone pinned Grant face down on the platform. ... After that Marissa sent out warning shots. ... On July 13, 2013, George Zimmerman was found not guilty after shooting 17 year old Trayvon Martin. ...

• Word Count: 2555
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography

Since Praveen had not kept to his argument and had given a sample of blood to the officer after he was informed as to what will happen if he does not oblige, the judge had found that the accused is not a credible witness and the judge had proved beyond reasonable doubt that the accused is guilty of obstructing the course of justice. ... Since no report by a probation officer or a correctional officer was put before the court, the judge could not impose a sentence of correctional supervision and had decided to a direct period of 1 year imprisonment in terms of s 276 (1)(i) . ...

• Word Count: 5729
• Approx Pages: 23
• Grade Level: High School

(Question 1) Juvenile delinquency is a complex social problem that significantly impacts all members and processes of a social structure. Delinquency refers to a set of behaviors that are not in line with the collective practices and/or ethics of the dominant social group. Essentially, these behaviors deviate from societal norms and more specifically they violate established criminal codes and laws. Juvenile delinquency incorporates not only general criminal activity but conduct that is only unlawful for youths such as running away from home and skipping school. Current research into th...

• Word Count: 8199
• Approx Pages: 33
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Gun Control The basic premise of the constitution is to allow people to the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Someone else cannot take one's right to life. However there are times when people try. When that time comes, the victim must have a way to protect himself. A handgun ca...

• Word Count: 5482
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

After his teaching stint he enrolled in the University of Chicago where he received his doctorate in sociology (Williams and Mcshane, 2004). ... Before authoring his first version of his book Principles of Criminology in 1924 Sutherland had a numerous amount of influences for creating his text (Sutherland, 1924). ... It was seen, that individuals who had never committed crimes before were more open to the idea because of their economic situation (Sutherland, 1924). ... After these instances Sutherland started to examine society more and more, he was constantly evaluating what was acceptable b...

• Word Count: 5291
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After several months of this I became bored once more and realizing that's there is no money in this field either. ... After moving back to Sydney I again found myself not really working the odd jobs of painting and maintenance. ... After two years had past I could see that this too was not enough. ... I couldn't apply before because of the schooling part of my life and now policing has changed as well. ... After the revolution this force gave rise to the V.I. ...

• Word Count: 4766
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

After defining and analyzing previous studies on each type of court, the Casey and Rottman identified twelve trends that could affect the future of problem solving courts. ... Key tools of drug courts are frequent monitoring, education, alcohol and drug testing, and rehabilitation programs (Casey 2005), which participants frequently appear before the drug court judge, and meetings with court-affiliated case managers regarding progress. Supervision is most intensive at program entry, perhaps involving weekly or biweekly appearances before the judge, but becomes less frequent in response to earl...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It wasn't until after 1970 that states began implementing laws making certain cases automatic, or subject to more examination. ... Although the charge against a child may be considered serious in the juvenile court, the adult criminal court will not find it so; consequently, a child may have a better chance for dismissal of the charges, or acquittal, after a jury trial. " [Sie08] The ones that are in support only look to dish out harsher punishments to juveniles by waiving them up to the adult court, but do not look at the fact that the cases that are waived up may be serious for juvenile...

• Word Count: 3373
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

ATL 130 04/12/2001 Capital Punishment: The Abolitionist View "Historically, the death penalty always has been with us in some fashion. In ancient times, it was meted out of those who propagated radical ideas that threatened the political establishment. The death penalty has existed througho...

• Word Count: 3235
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School