The ground sloth reached weights of up to three tons, about the size of a mammoth, and the giant beaver was about the size of a black bear (Grayson, 1993). ... As the ice melted, water and sediment choked the rivers; they altered the drainage of great lakes and, in breaking the ice dams that had formed some of these lakes, caused cataclysmic floods that themselves changed the face of North America (the channeled scab lands of Washington State and Idaho are examples). ...

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