However, a more serious development was the withdrawal of foreign credit lines during the course of 1985. ... Both consumer and business confidence levels are improving, confirmed by an increase in private sector credit demand, which is resulting in increased private sector investment as well as consumption spending. ... The Reserve Bank has repeatedly stressed that its role in making South Africa more attractive for foreign capital is to curb the rate of growth in the money supply, avoid excessive reliance on an inflationary expansion of bank credit with a view to sustaining economic grow...

• Word Count: 6046
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thirdly, by provided large credit to enterprises and subsidies, the state protected output from falling at an early stage of the transition. ... In 1991, after reaching independence, Belarus had one of the highest standards of living in the former Soviet Union (FSU). "It was seen as an industrial park for consumer goods, with relatively better capital stock than other republics" (World Bank). ... One of Belarus" best decisions was joining the World Bank in 1992. ... All these endorsements by the World Bank derailed many problems that constrained economic growth and development. ...

• Word Count: 897
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As a result of this, in November of 2003 The Bank of England decided to increase interest rates for the first time in four years. ... Despite a rise in interest rates to 3.75% in November of 2003, shoppers in the UK spent a record £11.56bn on their credit cards in the very same month, according to official figures. This dependency on credit cards has led to concern over personal bankruptcies. ... The Behaviour of the Euro Since it was Created The Euro is the new 'single currency' of the European Monetary Union, adopted on 1st January 1999 by 11 Member States. ... It is ...

• Word Count: 3263
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

Financial markets are needed to control the money supply, with a reasonably tight fiscal policy and credit policy, this lead China to create a bond market, offering bonds with attractive interest rates to soak up excess money that threatened to fuel inflation. ... Also trade unions were not given any corresponding freedom to act and that has also clearly contributed to this problem. ... China's state owned enterprises have been extremely inefficient and to continue operation, they need to be kept afloat by direct government subsidies and loans from the central bank. ... Also, these sta...

• Word Count: 2010
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Social Partners is the term used to designate the representative organisations of trade unions and employers. ... The concept implies that trade unions and employers have significant areas of common interest and that their differences are susceptible to resolution through building consensus (Boyd, 2002). ... As it relates to countries implementing this Social partnership practice, (Murphy, 2002) emphasized in this journal that the governance methods within Ireland involves the Social partnership model which is based on employer's, trade unions and farmers since 1987. ... He went onto say...

• Word Count: 5360
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate