To understand the nature of crime and criminality as it exists today one must understand the context of the history of colonialism and how it relates to both past and present crime. ... This paper will define crime, criminality and colonialism, explore the history of British law and how this has impacted on Indigenous Australians, the present relationship between criminalisation of Indigenous Australians, police and the justice system, rates of incarceration, and how Indigenous Australians are still disadvantaged when it comes to the law. ... The ways and means by which Australia was colonize...

• Word Count: 2489
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Following in this report will be the laws and regulations that have been applied to abolish this act in Australia and also some of the debates, history, effects, and opinions on this very sensitive subject. Australia, along with many countries worldwide, abolished capital punishment by 1985. According to the Institute of Criminology, Queensland was the first state to abolish capital punishment in Australia, in 1922, followed by New South Wales in 1955, Tasmania in 1968, ACT in 1973, Northern Territory in 1973, Victoria in 1975, South Australia in 1976 and finally Western Australia in 1984. ...

• Word Count: 3217
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The teenager was aboriginal, in past he had many conviction and a lot of problem in police history data base since age of 8. ... According to Fleming & O'Reilly (2007: 214) Australia for past 24 years in vary report has insisted that Australian police have been promoting community policing as their vital activity. ... Part of doing this practice it aims to increase level of trust between police and community and specially targets those communities where trust of police in history is very low. All of this problem is highlighted in Australian history where respective indigenous people is be...

• Word Count: 1044
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) periodically conducts Crime and Safety Surveys which provide information on both reported and unreported crimes as well as socioeconomic characteristics of the victims. ... A survey conducted by the ABS in 1996 collected information on women's safety from a random sample of 6,300 women across Australia aged 18 and over. ... People from Indigenous Backgrounds The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey conducted by the ABS in 1994 found that assault was five times more prevalent amongst Indigenous Australians than non-Indigenous Aust...

• Word Count: 3415
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When it came to the eighteenth century, it was a fascinating period in the history of capital punishment for crime [ CITATION Jac11 l 1033 ]. ... Sometimes the offender's would be leased to do labor work, some offenders were shipped to Australia, and some did community services while being supervised. ...

• Word Count: 749
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Unfortunately, as history has shown, this is a naive assumption. ... This is the case as it is now in England, Australia, and is the direction in which Canada is going. ... History shows that all conquerors who have allowed their subjected peoples to carry arms have prepared their own downfall by so doing. ... At our current place in history, many people think that an American government would never attempt anything remotely like this. ...

• Word Count: 1363
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

He was originally sentenced to three life imprisonments, becoming the first person in Australia to be jailed for life for killing his own children. ... The 31-year-old, who had no history of mental illness, pleaded guilty to the suffocation murders of his three children. ...

• Word Count: 1185
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

This same "urban-rural" difference has been found in Canada, England, Australia, and the Netherlands. ... Many believe that crime in the cities was caused by the early flood of immigrants, and especially the ones with ethnic criminal history. ...

• Word Count: 1129
• Approx Pages: 5

Indigenous people have a lengthy history of distrust of police. ... The Aboriginal Strategic Direction 2012-2017 (New South Wales Police Force 2012) is a strategy created by the recommendations from the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (1991), the Australian Governments (CoAG) Closing the Gap Strategy and the National Indigenous Law & Justice Framework (SCAG 2009). ...

• Word Count: 911
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

The rules of evidence also act to exclude evidence that relates to the criminal reputation and criminal history of the accused. ... The defence is not allowed to cross-examine the complainant about her sexual history or reputation. ...

• Word Count: 2068
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The founding fathers made it crystal clear in the Constitution that the ability to own guns is a right, and this decision has been confirmed by our nation's courts and by the custom and practice of the generations that came before us throughout our history. ... Registration in no way reduces crime, and it has been used throughout history as a means to disarm the populace, such as the citizens of Great Britain, and Jews living in Nazi Germany. ...

• Word Count: 2867
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Throughout history societies have attempted to manage and control their deviant populations. Western industrial societies have undergone a number of transformations in their quest to achieve such control. Disenchantment with the penal system and its inability to achieve rehabilitation within its c...

• Word Count: 2402
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

History of the Juvenile Justice System ." ..4-5 III. ... My paper will be discussing the history of the juvenile justice system and its process up to the parole and probation During the 1700's, one of the earliest private agencies in London to become interested in retrieving delinquent boys was the Marine Society. ... Records from the report of the Select Committee Appointed by the House of Commons, were concerned with establishing a new police in the metropolis, show that between 1787 and 1797, 93 delinquent children were transported for crimes from Eng...

• Word Count: 2997
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

As an example, in the mid-1960's, in Australia, a common-law country arguably very connected culturally and economically to New Zealand, the attitude about convicted persons and punishment as law professors Howard and Morris state was, "It has long been the view that it is punishment that really gives meaning to criminal law- The feeling was that the criminals should be accountable to the public and not merely the individual victims: [B]ut notionally all convicted persons are proper objects of community abhorrence, and with disturbing constancy, there are offenders whose crimes do a...

• Word Count: 4107
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate