Elements like economics, politics, war, aesthetics, art, literature and culture also played a big role within these movements and will also be touched on. ... In Europe, the concept of cinema as art had appeared early and developed in tandem with the concept of cinema as business. ... In Germany, UFA set about consciously raising the aesthetic standards of German film and producing films that were not only popular but also carried with them the cachet of art. ... It is more analytic and less synthetic, and it also carries with it a strong sense of the importance of functions as well a...

• Word Count: 2143
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thus it came as no surprise when, in mid-1961, CIA sources gained intelligence of the arrival of Soviet combat and transport aircraft, including the light bomber IL-28 and the state of the art MIG-15s, 17s and 19s. ... On the other hand, the blockade could be perceived as a form of attack, or an "offensive-defense", by the Soviets and Cubans and they could retaliate. ... Alternative 3 The final option for the US would be military action, in the form of air strikes, targeting Cuba (in specific the missiles). ... The Soviets would perceive the move as more defensive and strategic and would b...

• Word Count: 1261
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

In the early morning hours of 2 March 1969, Soviet border security personnel spotted a platoon-sized element of Chinese soldiers crossing the frozen Ussuri River, which forms a natural boundary between China and the USSR. ... In Sun Tzu's Art of War first chapter, entitled Laying Plans, the eighteenth rule is as follows: all warfare is based on deception (Cantrell, 2003). ... The head of the PLA, General Biao, reportedly formed a confidential pact with the Soviet military leadership in order to perpetrate a staged conflict (Nyquist, 1999). ...

• Word Count: 1275
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Stalin subjected society and culture to strict party surveillance and control, issuing pro-socialist, xenophobic propaganda, censoring literature, art, and media, and launching anti-religious campaigns . ... Lenin's Bolshevik ("Majority" in Russian) party was formed in 1903 with the objective of a stagiest societal evolution of Europe and Russia in the gradual progression from feudalism, to capitalism, to socialism, and to eventual communism. ... "The peasant loathed the exploitation which kept him and his family permanently at starvation level, and regarded "the whole proceeding as a ...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

He maintains control of his subjects by ramifying its ideology throughout a variety of political and social institutions, including religion, education and art. ... "Comrade Napoleon" seems to be a duplication of the "Beasts of England" both in form and influence. ... Indeed, this extract illustrates a shift in Comrade Napoleon's authoritarian strategy from imposing his power through physical force and direct interaction with the animals to instilling it in their minds as status quo through unconventional forms of repression while remaining invisible. ...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

Stalin subjected society and culture to strict party surveillance and control, issuing pro-socialist, xenophobic propaganda, censoring literature, art, and media, and launching anti-religious campaigns . ... Lenin's Bolshevik ("Majority" in Russian) party was formed in 1903 with the objective of a stagiest societal evolution of Europe and Russia in the gradual progression from feudalism, to capitalism, to socialism, and to eventual communism. ... "The peasant loathed the exploitation which kept him and his family permanently at starvation level, and regarded "the whole proceeding as a ...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

During the ensuing civil war Zhukov through self-determination and self-education showed he was a competent leader and rose quickly through the ranks of the newly formed Soviet military forces. ... Before August 1939 he had acquired 550 front line aircraft, 500 state-of-the-art T34 tanks, twenty cavalry squadrons and thirty-five infantry battalions. ...

• Word Count: 1851
• Approx Pages: 7

He goes on to verbally trash everything which Jews have accomplished, saying that "there has never been a Jewish art and accordingly there is none today either; that[]architecture and music, owe nothing original to the Jews" (Hitler 303). ... "Was there any form of filth or profligacy, particularly in cultural life, without at least one Jew involved in it? ...

• Word Count: 2487
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate