In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus published Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs, which put forth his revolutionary idea that the Sun was at the center of the universe, opposing the popularly accepted understanding of the geocentric universe embodied by the natural philosophy of Aristotle, the astronomy of Ptolemy and the teachings of the Church that the stationary Earth had the sun and stars revolving around it. ... Her verdict against Galileo was rational and just and the revision of this verdict can be justified only on the grounds of what is politically opportune....

• Word Count: 881
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Modernism also disregards that which is supernatural as it is not possible for it to be proven by science (Thompson, 1998).Caputo and Descartes greatly influenced this shift through the philosophies that they introduced. ... Aristotle was the first to devise a plausible theory of the universe. ... He did this through combining his cosmology and astronomy with Aristotle's physics. ... Alex de Tocqueville, who is a political thinker and historian, remarked that the people who started the French revolution in 1789, due to the factors discussed above, were called the Jacobins. ... However, ...

• Word Count: 1993
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

The difference between Galileo and other Copernican were political: Galileo had enemies. ... I confirm this view not only by refuting Ptolemy's and Aristotle's arguments, but also by producing many for the other side, especially some pertaining to physical effects whose causes perhaps cannot be determined in any other way, and other astronomical discoveries; these discoveries clearly confute the Ptolemaic system, and they agree admirably with this other position and confirm it." ... After all, Galileo was claiming the apotheosis of philosophy, Aristotle, was wrong. ...

• Word Count: 1769
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

Politics are a driving force of human nature that dictate the destiny of a nation and potentially control every person that inhabits a region. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment evolved the world-view of politics, as it became an aspect of life that everyone desired to take part in. ... Society's general view of government provoked the unstoppable flow of revolutionary political concepts that were implemented throughout the Enlightenment. ... Beneath the genius innovations that encircled society laid the unmatched philosophy produced from the glorious mind of John Locke. ......

• Word Count: 1600
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

The Aristotelian system was the theories of the ancient philosopher Aristotle, and in many cases were erroneous laws of physics, although these theories paved the way for the later philosophers. ... "The Protestant Reformation, begun by Martin Luther in 1517, radically transformed the theological and political landscape of Europe."...

• Word Count: 2877
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School