People who have studied the sciences have ranged from Aristotle in Ancient Greece to Steven Hawking today. ... The earliest astronomers who actually used instruments found the problem with this theory. These early European astronomers realized that using simple circles as the basis of the orbits of the planets did not work. ... Part of what classifies all of these Astronomers as stage one or two is this insistence on using a supposedly perfect shape, a circle. ... The reason this classifies Kepler as the beginning of stage three is that he was the first to accurately quantify the movement of ...

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