Conversely, until Aristotle, there were no "agreed principles for moral conduct" thus the term ethical cannot be used within the context of Homers society. ... By soul I mean the spiritual awareness, the essence of an individual. ... Personification also shows the use of gods as symbols for human emotions- "attended by Confusion the ruthless in battle" (book 5 pg 82). ... We see Zeus himself inciting the breaking of a solemn oath in book 3. ... (book 21 pg338) Fate and death are the only certainty for mortals in The Iliad. ...

• Word Count: 1739
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate