The city exists by nature; a human being is by nature a political animal: The genus of a city is community, koinania; it is to be distinguished from such other communities as the husband-wife community, the master-slave community, the household, and the village or clan. ... While recognizing that human beings have not always lived in cities, and that in this sense they are products of human ingenuity (1253a31), Aristotle at the same time claims that the city exists by nature, and that a human being is by nature a political animal (1253a2-3). ... He means that the capacities of the city subsume...

• Word Count: 1587
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In The Republic, the philosophers are supposed to not know what suffering is so that when they are sent into battle, there is no chance of them becoming cowardly. ... It is an inherent trait in all animals to show attachment to one of their tribe, flock, herd or school. the guardians and philosophers of Socrates are devoid of that attachment. ...

• Word Count: 1371
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate